Steeg Patricia S
Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Nat Rev Cancer. 2016 Apr;16(4):201-18. doi: 10.1038/nrc.2016.25.
Tumour metastasis, the movement of tumour cells from a primary site to progressively colonize distant organs, is a major contributor to the deaths of cancer patients. Therapeutic goals are the prevention of an initial metastasis in high-risk patients, shrinkage of established lesions and prevention of additional metastases in patients with limited disease. Instead of being autonomous, tumour cells engage in bidirectional interactions with metastatic microenvironments to alter antitumour immunity, the extracellular milieu, genomic stability, survival signalling, chemotherapeutic resistance and proliferative cycles. Can targeting of these interactions significantly improve patient outcomes? In this Review preclinical research, combination therapies and clinical trial designs are re-examined.
肿瘤转移，即肿瘤细胞从原发部位转移并逐渐在远处器官定植的过程，是导致癌症患者死亡的主要原因。治疗目标是预防高危患者的初始转移、缩小已形成的病灶，并防止疾病局限患者发生额外转移。肿瘤细胞并非独立存在，而是与转移微环境进行双向相互作用，以改变抗肿瘤免疫、细胞外环境、基因组稳定性、生存信号、化疗耐药性和增殖周期。针对这些相互作用进行靶向治疗能否显著改善患者预后？在本综述中，我们重新审视了临床前研究、联合治疗和临床试验设计。
