Grilo M L, Vanstreels R E T, Wallace R, García-Párraga D, Braga É M, Chitty J, Catão-Dias J L, Madeira de Carvalho L M
a Interdisciplinary Centre of Research in Animal Health (CIISA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária , Universidade de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal.
b Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research , University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation , Buesum , Germany.
Avian Pathol. 2016 Aug;45(4):393-407. doi: 10.1080/03079457.2016.1149145.
Avian malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by protozoans of the genus Plasmodium, and it is considered one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in captive penguins, both in zoological gardens and rehabilitation centres. Penguins are known to be highly susceptible to this disease, and outbreaks have been associated with mortality as high as 50-80% of affected captive populations within a few weeks. The disease has also been reported in wild penguin populations, however, its impacts on the health and fitness of penguins in the wild is not clear. This review provides an overview of the aetiology, life cycle and epidemiology of avian malaria, and provides details on the strategies that can be employed for the diagnostic, treatment and prevention of this disease in captive penguins, discussing possible directions for future research.
禽疟是一种由疟原虫属原生动物引起的蚊媒疾病，被认为是动物园和康复中心圈养企鹅发病和死亡的最重要原因之一。众所周知，企鹅对这种疾病高度易感，疫情爆发后，受影响的圈养企鹅种群在几周内的死亡率高达50%-80%。野生企鹅种群中也报告过这种疾病，然而，其对野生企鹅健康和生存能力的影响尚不清楚。本综述概述了禽疟的病因、生命周期和流行病学，并详细介绍了可用于圈养企鹅诊断、治疗和预防该疾病的策略，同时讨论了未来研究的可能方向。
