Davenne Tamara, McShane Helen
a The Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine , University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital , Oxford , UK.
b Jenner Institute , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2016 Aug;15(8):1009-13. doi: 10.1586/14760584.2016.1170599. Epub 2016 May 3.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) has co-evolved with humans for thousands of years, to cause tuberculosis (TB). The success of M.tb as a pathogen is in part because of the ways in which M.tb evades and exploits different cell subsets, to persist and cause disease. M.tb expresses numerous molecules to prevent its recognition and destruction by immune cells. The only licensed vaccine against TB, Bacillle Calmette-Guerin (BCG), is effective at preventing disseminated disease in infants but confers highly variable efficacy against pulmonary TB in adults, particularly in the developing world. A greater understanding of the reasons for this variability, together with a better understanding of the early, innate, and non-antigen specific mechanisms of protection would facilitate the design and development of more effective vaccines.
结核分枝杆菌（M.tb）已经与人类共同进化了数千年，从而导致结核病（TB）。M.tb作为一种病原体之所以成功，部分原因在于它逃避和利用不同细胞亚群以持续存在并引发疾病的方式。M.tb表达多种分子以防止其被免疫细胞识别和破坏。唯一获得许可的结核病疫苗卡介苗（BCG）在预防婴儿播散性疾病方面有效，但对成人肺结核的疗效差异很大，尤其是在发展中世界。对这种差异原因的更深入理解，以及对早期、先天性和非抗原特异性保护机制的更好理解，将有助于设计和开发更有效的疫苗。
