Zhang Xianming, Gandhi Nilima, Bhavsar Satyendra P
University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3E5.
Ontario Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change , 125 Resources Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M9P 3V6.
J Agric Food Chem. 2016 Apr 13;64(14):2832-40. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00089. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
Fish consumption is associated with both health benefits from high-quality proteins, minerals, vitamins, and fatty acids and risks from contaminants in fish. Fish consumption advisories are issued by many government agencies to keep exposure to contaminants at a safe level. Such advisories are typically based on fillets and neglect consumption of other fish parts such as eggs by certain subpopulations. To evaluate potential for dietary exposure to toxic organic chemicals via fish eggs, we analyzed polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dlPCBs), and polychlorinated dibenzodioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) in paired fillet and eggs of fish from a tributary to Lake Ontario, one of the North American Great Lakes. All wet weight based concentrations in fish eggs were statistically higher than in the paired fillet samples. In fish eggs, concentrations of Σ14PBDEs, Σ14PCNs, and Σ12dlPCBs were 41-118, 0.3-1.7, and 30-128 ng/g wet weight (ww), respectively; Σ3PCDD/Fs and total (dlPCB+ PCDD/Fs) toxic equivalents (TEQs) were 4-22 and 9-54 pg/g ww, respectively. In fillet samples, Σ14PBDEs, Σ14PCNs, and Σ12dlPCBs were 4-116, 0.05-0.66, and 6-85 ng/g, respectively; Σ3PCDD/Fs and TEQs were 2-10 and 3.4-31 pg/g ww, respectively. In contrast, the fillets had higher lipid normalized concentrations than the paired egg samples, suggesting that these chemicals did not reach equilibrium between the fillets and eggs. Accordingly, measured concentrations in eggs or empirical relationship with fillet rather than prediction from equilibrium partitioning model should be used to evaluate contaminant exposure via consumption of fish eggs. For fatty fish from the lower Great Lakes area, we suggest one fillet meal be reduced from the advised fish consumption frequency for consumptions of 207 ± 37, 39 ± 2, 105 ± 51, and 119 ± 9 g fish eggs of brown trout, Chinook salmon, Coho salmon, and rainbow trout, respectively.
食用鱼类既带来了优质蛋白质、矿物质、维生素和脂肪酸等健康益处，也存在鱼类污染物带来的风险。许多政府机构发布了鱼类消费建议，以将污染物暴露水平控制在安全范围内。此类建议通常基于鱼片，而忽略了某些亚人群对鱼的其他部位（如鱼卵）的食用。为了评估通过鱼卵摄入有毒有机化学品的膳食暴露可能性，我们分析了来自北美五大湖之一安大略湖一条支流的鱼的配对鱼片和鱼卵中的多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）、多氯萘（PCNs）、二恶英类多氯联苯（dlPCBs）和多氯二苯并二恶英/呋喃（PCDD/Fs）。鱼卵中所有基于湿重的浓度在统计学上均高于配对的鱼片样本。在鱼卵中，Σ14PBDEs、Σ14PCNs和Σ12dlPCBs的浓度分别为41 - 118、0.3 - 1.7和30 - 128纳克/克湿重（ww）；Σ3PCDD/Fs和总（dlPCB + PCDD/Fs）毒性当量（TEQs）分别为4 - 22和9 - 54皮克/克湿重。在鱼片样本中，Σ14PBDEs、Σ14PCNs和Σ12dlPCBs分别为4 - 116、0.05 - 0.66和6 - 85纳克/克；Σ3PCDD/Fs和TEQs分别为2 - 10和3.4 - 31皮克/克湿重。相比之下，鱼片的脂质归一化浓度高于配对的鱼卵样本，这表明这些化学物质在鱼片和鱼卵之间未达到平衡。因此，应使用鱼卵中测得的浓度或与鱼片的经验关系，而非平衡分配模型的预测，来评估通过食用鱼卵的污染物暴露情况。对于来自大湖地区下游的高脂鱼类，我们建议将褐鳟、奇努克鲑、银鲑和虹鳟鱼卵的食用量分别从建议的鱼类消费频率中减少一顿，食用量分别为207±37、39±2、105±51和119±9克。
