Shestak Kenneth C, Davidson Edward H
Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, 6B Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Plastic Surgery, Magee Womens Hospital, 3380 Boulevard of Allies Suite 180, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, 6B Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Clin Plast Surg. 2016 Apr;43(2):323-31. doi: 10.1016/j.cps.2015.12.007. Epub 2016 Feb 2.
Assessing risk and avoiding complications in breast reduction requires a meticulous history, systematic physical examination, management of expectations, and careful consideration and execution of operative technique. Attention should be paid to comorbidities. Shape, symmetry, contours, scar location, skin quality, nipple-areolar complex (NAC) shape, NAC position relative to inframammary fold, and NAC position relative to the volume of the breast should be evaluated. Because complications cannot always be anticipated, informed consent is a vital part of managing expectations. Intraoperative considerations include blood pressure control, limiting tension, delayed healing and tissue loss, and using applied anatomy to avoid malposition and asymmetry.
评估乳房缩小术的风险并避免并发症需要详细的病史、系统的体格检查、对预期的管理以及对手术技术的仔细考虑和实施。应关注合并症。需要评估乳房的形状、对称性、轮廓、瘢痕位置、皮肤质量、乳头乳晕复合体（NAC）的形状、NAC相对于乳房下皱襞的位置以及NAC相对于乳房体积的位置。由于并发症并非总是能够预见，因此知情同意是管理预期的重要组成部分。术中需要考虑的因素包括血压控制、限制张力、延迟愈合和组织损失，以及利用应用解剖学知识避免位置不当和不对称。
