Reichhardt Martin Parnov, Meri Seppo
Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki , Helsinki , Finland.
Front Immunol. 2016 Mar 8;7:85. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00085. eCollection 2016.
Complement is present mainly in blood. However, following mechanical damage or inflammation, serous exudates enter the mucosal surfaces. Here, the complement proteins interact with other endogenous molecules to keep microbes from entering the parenteral tissues. One of the mucosal proteins known to interact with the early complement components of both the classical and the lectin pathway is the salivary scavenger and agglutinin (SALSA). SALSA is also known as deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 and gp340. It is found both attached to the epithelium and secreted into the surrounding fluids of most mucosal surfaces. SALSA has been shown to bind directly to C1q, mannose-binding lectin, and the ficolins. Through these interactions SALSA regulates activation of the complement system. In addition, SALSA interacts with surfactant proteins A and D, secretory IgA, and lactoferrin. Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are examples of diseases, where complement activation in mucosal tissues may occur. This review describes the latest advances in our understanding of how the early complement components interact with the SALSA molecule. Furthermore, we discuss how these interactions may affect disease propagation on mucosal surfaces in immunological and inflammatory diseases.
补体主要存在于血液中。然而，在机械损伤或炎症后，浆液性渗出物进入黏膜表面。在这里，补体蛋白与其他内源性分子相互作用，以阻止微生物进入非肠道组织。已知与经典途径和凝集素途径的早期补体成分相互作用的一种黏膜蛋白是唾液清除剂和凝集素（SALSA）。SALSA也被称为恶性脑肿瘤缺失基因1和gp340。它既附着于上皮细胞，又分泌到大多数黏膜表面的周围液体中。已证明SALSA可直接结合C1q、甘露糖结合凝集素和纤维胶凝蛋白。通过这些相互作用，SALSA调节补体系统的激活。此外，SALSA还与表面活性蛋白A和D、分泌型IgA和乳铁蛋白相互作用。溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病就是黏膜组织可能发生补体激活的疾病实例。本综述描述了我们对早期补体成分如何与SALSA分子相互作用的最新认识进展。此外，我们还讨论了这些相互作用如何在免疫和炎症性疾病中影响黏膜表面的疾病传播。
