van der Molen Henk F, Stocks Susan J, Frings-Dresen Monique H W
Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Saf Health Work. 2016 Mar;7(1):83-5. doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2015.09.002. Epub 2015 Sep 25.
Effective interventions to reduce work-related exposures are available for many types of work-related diseases or injuries. However, knowledge of the impact of these interventions on injury or disease outcomes is scarce due to practical and methodological reasons. Study designs are considered for the evaluation of occupational health interventions on occupational disease or injury. Latency and frequency of occurrence of the health outcomes are two important features when designing an evaluation study with occupational disease or occupational injury as an outcome measure. Controlled evaluation studies-giving strong indications for an intervention effect-seem more suitable for more frequently occurring injuries or diseases. Uncontrolled evaluation time or case series studies are an option for evaluating less frequently occurring injuries or diseases. Interrupted time series offer alternatives to experimental randomized controlled trials to give an insight into the effectiveness of preventive actions in the work setting to decision and policy makers.
对于许多类型的与工作相关的疾病或伤害，都有有效的干预措施来减少与工作相关的接触。然而，由于实际和方法上的原因，关于这些干预措施对伤害或疾病结果影响的知识却很匮乏。在评估职业健康干预措施对职业病或职业伤害的影响时，需要考虑研究设计。当以职业病或职业伤害作为结果指标设计评估研究时，健康结果的潜伏期和发生频率是两个重要特征。有强烈迹象表明存在干预效果的对照评估研究，似乎更适合于更频繁发生的伤害或疾病。非对照评估时间或病例系列研究是评估较少发生的伤害或疾病的一种选择。中断时间序列为实验性随机对照试验提供了替代方案，以便让决策和政策制定者了解工作场所预防行动的有效性。
