Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2016 Aug;39:17-23. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2016.03.005. Epub 2016 Mar 24.
Neurotransmission requires the recycling of synaptic vesicles (SVs) to replenish the SV pool, clear release sites, and maintain presynaptic integrity. In spite of decades of research the modes and mechanisms of SV recycling remain controversial. The identification of clathrin-independent modes of SV recycling such as ultrafast endocytosis has added to the debate. Accumulating evidence further suggests that SV membrane retrieval and the reformation of functional SVs are separable processes. This may allow synapses to rapidly restore membrane surface area over a wide range of stimulations followed by slow reformation of release-competent SVs. One of the future challenges will be to pinpoint the exact mechanisms that link SV recycling modes to synaptic activity patterns at different synapses.
神经传递需要回收突触小泡 (SVs) 以补充 SV 池、清除释放位点并维持突触前完整性。尽管经过几十年的研究，SV 回收的模式和机制仍然存在争议。网格蛋白非依赖性 SV 回收模式（如超快胞吞作用）的鉴定增加了这一争论。越来越多的证据进一步表明，SV 膜回收和功能性 SV 的再形成是可分离的过程。这可能使突触能够在广泛的刺激下迅速恢复膜表面积，然后再缓慢形成具有释放能力的 SV。未来的挑战之一将是确定将 SV 回收模式与不同突触的突触活动模式联系起来的确切机制。
