Barnard Alex V
AJS. 2016 Jan;121(4):1017-50. doi: 10.1086/683819.
How do people maintain deeply held moral identities in a seemingly immoral social environment? Cultural sociologists and social psychologists have focused on how individuals cope with contexts that make acting on moral motivations difficult by building supportive networks and embedding themselves in communities of like-minded people. In this article, however, the author argues that actors can achieve a moral "sense of one's place" through a habitus that leverages the material dimensions of place itself. In particular, he shows how one community of radical environmental activists make affirming moral identities centered on living "naturally" seem like "second nature," even in a seemingly unnatural and immoral urban environment, by reconfiguring their physical world. The author shows how nonhuman objects serve as proofs of moral labor, markers of moral boundaries, and reminders of moral values, playing both a facilitating and constraining role in moral life.
在一个看似不道德的社会环境中，人们如何维持根深蒂固的道德身份认同？文化社会学家和社会心理学家关注的是个体如何应对那些因难以依据道德动机行事的情境，他们通过建立支持性网络并融入志同道合的人群体来解决这一问题。然而，在本文中，作者认为行动者可以通过一种惯习来实现道德上的“自我定位感”，这种惯习利用了场所本身的物质维度。具体而言，他展示了一个激进环境活动家群体如何通过重新塑造他们的物质世界，让以“自然”生活为核心的道德身份认同在看似不自然且不道德的城市环境中也显得如同“第二天性”。作者展示了非人类物体如何充当道德劳动的证明、道德边界的标志以及道德价值观的提醒物，在道德生活中既起到促进作用，也起到约束作用。
