O'Connor J J, Shercliff T L, Biden E, Goodfellow J W
Proc Inst Mech Eng H. 1989;203(4):223-33. doi: 10.1243/PIME_PROC_1989_203_043_01.
A geometric model of the tibio-femoral joint in the sagittal plane has been developed which demonstrates the relationship between the geometry of the cruciate ligaments and the geometry of the articular surfaces. The cruciate ligaments are represented as two inextensible fibres which, with the femur and the tibia, are analysed as a crossed four-bar linkage. The directions of the ligaments at each position of flexion are calculated. The instant centre, where the flexion axis crosses the parasagittal plane through the joint, lies at the intersection of the cruciates. It moves relative to each of the bones during flexion and extension. The successive positions of the flexion axis relative to a fixed femur and to a fixed tibia are deduced. The shapes of articular surfaces which would allow the bones to flex and extend while maintaining the ligaments each at constant length are calculated and are found to agree closely with the shapes of the natural articular surfaces. The calculated movements of the contact point between the femur and the tibia during flexion also agree well with measurements made on cadaver specimens. The outcome is a geometric simulation of the tibio-femoral joint in the sagittal plane which illustrates the central role played by the cruciate ligaments in the kinematics of the knee and which can be used for the analysis of ligament and contact forces.
已建立了矢状面胫股关节的几何模型，该模型展示了交叉韧带的几何形状与关节面几何形状之间的关系。交叉韧带被表示为两根不可伸长的纤维，它们与股骨和胫骨一起被分析为一个交叉四杆连杆机构。计算了每个屈曲位置处韧带的方向。屈曲轴与通过关节的矢状旁平面相交的瞬时中心位于交叉韧带的交点处。它在屈伸过程中相对于每块骨头移动。推导了屈曲轴相对于固定股骨和固定胫骨的连续位置。计算出了能使骨头在保持韧带长度不变的情况下屈伸的关节面形状，发现其与天然关节面形状非常吻合。计算出的股骨和胫骨之间接触点在屈曲过程中的运动也与在尸体标本上的测量结果非常吻合。结果是矢状面胫股关节的几何模拟，它说明了交叉韧带在膝关节运动学中所起的核心作用，并且可用于分析韧带力和接触力。
