INRAUMR 1224 EcobiopAquapôle, St Pée sur Nivelle 64310, France; Université Pau & Pays Adour, UMR 1224 Ecobiop, UFR Sciences et Techniques Côte BasqueAnglet, France.
INRA-UR1037, LPGP Fish Physiology and Genomics Rennes 35042, France.
R Soc Open Sci. 2015 Dec 2;2(12):150441. doi: 10.1098/rsos.150441. eCollection 2015 Dec.
Throughout an organism's early development, variations in physiology and behaviours may have long lasting consequences on individual life histories. While a large part of variation in critical life-history transitions remains unexplained, a significant proportion may be caused by early gender effects as part of gender-specific life histories shaped by sexual selection. In this study, we investigated the presence of early gender effects on the timing of emergence from gravel and the energetic status of brown trout (Salmo trutta) early stages. To investigate this question, individual measures of emergence timing, metabolic rate and energetic content were coupled for the first time with the use of a recent genetic marker for sdY (sexually dimorphic on the Y-chromosome), a master sex-determining gene. Our results show that gender does not influence the energetic content of emerging juveniles or their emergence timing. These findings suggest that gender differences may appear later throughout salmonid life history and that selective pressures associated with the critical period of emergence from gravel may shape early life-history traits similarly in both males and females.
在生物体的早期发育过程中，生理和行为的变化可能对个体的生命史产生长期的影响。虽然关键生命史转折点的大部分变异仍然无法解释，但其中很大一部分可能是由早期性别效应引起的，这是由性选择塑造的特定性别生命史的一部分。在这项研究中，我们研究了早期性别效应对从砾石中出现的时间和褐鳟（Salmo trutta）早期阶段能量状态的影响。为了研究这个问题，我们首次将个体出现时间、代谢率和能量含量的测量与最近的 Y 染色体性别二态性（sexually dimorphic on the Y-chromosome，sdY）遗传标记（一个主要的性别决定基因）结合起来。我们的结果表明，性别并不影响即将孵化的幼体的能量含量或它们的孵化时间。这些发现表明，性别差异可能在鲑鱼生命史的后期才会出现，与从砾石中孵化的关键时期相关的选择压力可能会以类似的方式塑造雄性和雌性的早期生命史特征。
