Amiaz Revital, Vainiger Dana, Gershon Ari A, Weiser Mark, Lavidor Michal, Javitt Daniel C
Department of Psychiatry, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, TAU, 52621, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
Department of Psychology, The Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, 52900, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Brain Topogr. 2016 Jul;29(4):552-60. doi: 10.1007/s10548-016-0487-1. Epub 2016 Mar 28.
Perceptual closure ability is postulated to depend upon rapid transmission of magnocellular information to prefrontal cortex via the dorsal stream. In contrast, illusory contour processing requires only local interactions within primary and ventral stream visual regions, such as lateral occipital complex. Schizophrenia is associated with deficits in perceptual closure versus illusory contours processing that is hypothesized to reflect impaired magnocellular/dorsal stream. Perceptual closure and illusory contours performance was evaluated in separate groups of 12 healthy volunteers during no TMS, and during repetitive 10 Hz rTMS stimulation over dorsal stream or vertex (TMS-vertex). Perceptual closure and illusory contours were performed in 11 schizophrenia patients, no TMS was applied in these patients. TMS effects were evaluated with repeated measures ANOVA across treatments. rTMS significantly increased perceptual closure identification thresholds, with significant difference between TMS-dorsal stream and no TMS. TMS-dorsal stream also significantly reduced perceptual closure but not illusory contours accuracy. Schizophrenia patients showed increased perceptual closure identification thresholds relative to controls in the no TMS condition, but similar to controls in the TMS-dorsal stream condition. Conclusions of this study are that magnocellular/dorsal stream input is critical for perceptual closure but not illusory contours performance, supporting both trickledown theories of normal perceptual closure function, and magnocellular/dorsal stream theories of visual dysfunction in schizophrenia.
据推测，知觉闭合能力取决于大细胞信息通过背侧通路快速传输至前额叶皮层。相比之下，虚幻轮廓处理仅需要初级视觉区域和腹侧通路视觉区域（如枕外侧复合体）内的局部相互作用。精神分裂症与知觉闭合缺陷以及虚幻轮廓处理缺陷有关，据推测这反映了大细胞/背侧通路受损。在12名健康志愿者的不同分组中，分别在无经颅磁刺激（TMS）时以及在对背侧通路或头顶进行10赫兹重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）期间，评估了他们的知觉闭合和虚幻轮廓表现。11名精神分裂症患者进行了知觉闭合和虚幻轮廓测试，这些患者未接受TMS治疗。通过重复测量方差分析评估TMS的效果。rTMS显著提高了知觉闭合识别阈值，TMS背侧通路组与无TMS组之间存在显著差异。TMS背侧通路组也显著降低了知觉闭合的准确率，但未降低虚幻轮廓的准确率。在无TMS条件下，精神分裂症患者的知觉闭合识别阈值相对于对照组有所提高，但在TMS背侧通路条件下与对照组相似。本研究的结论是，大细胞/背侧通路输入对于知觉闭合至关重要，但对虚幻轮廓表现并不关键，这既支持了正常知觉闭合功能的涓滴理论，也支持了精神分裂症视觉功能障碍的大细胞/背侧通路理论。
