Gao Heming, Cao Bihua, Zhang Qi, Qi Mingming, Li Fuhong, Li Hong
School of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China; Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116029, China.
School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2016 Jun;104:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.03.007. Epub 2016 Mar 25.
Previous researches have shown that recognition accuracy is lower for items cued to-be-forgotten (TBF) than to-be-remembered (TBR). Does directed forgetting help people forget more items than non-directed forgetting? Here, we modified the directed forgetting paradigm by adding a non-cue condition (NC). Consequently, non-directed forgetting would occur in NC. Behavioral results showed higher recognition accuracy for TBF than NC items, indicating that directed forgetting is less effective than non-directed forgetting. Electrophysiological results indicated that: (1) Remembered TBF items evoke an increased late positive component (LPC) than remembered NC items; (2) compared with remembered NC items, remembered TBF items showed a pronounced left-lateralized old/new effect and a reduced right-lateralized reversed old/new effect; (3) a right-lateralized reversed old/new effect was observed for forgotten TBF, but it was absent for forgotten NC items. These results demonstrate that the TBF items have a greater memory trace than the NC items. Forgetting cue has little effect of forgetting item from memory, and it might prompt subject to process or at least focus attention on the TBF items.
先前的研究表明，对于被提示为要遗忘（TBF）的项目，其识别准确率低于被提示为要记住（TBR）的项目。定向遗忘是否比非定向遗忘能帮助人们遗忘更多项目呢？在此，我们通过添加一个无提示条件（NC）来修改定向遗忘范式。因此，在NC中会发生非定向遗忘。行为结果显示，TBF项目的识别准确率高于NC项目，这表明定向遗忘的效果不如非定向遗忘。电生理结果表明：（1）被记住的TBF项目比被记住的NC项目诱发更大的晚期正成分（LPC）；（2）与被记住的NC项目相比，被记住的TBF项目表现出明显的左侧化新旧效应和减弱的右侧化反向新旧效应；（3）对于被遗忘的TBF项目观察到右侧化反向新旧效应，但对于被遗忘的NC项目则没有。这些结果表明，TBF项目比NC项目具有更强的记忆痕迹。遗忘提示对从记忆中遗忘项目的影响很小，并且它可能促使受试者对TBF项目进行加工或至少将注意力集中在这些项目上。
