Langhout Rob, Tak Igor, van der Westen Roelof, Lenssen Ton
Physiotherapy Institute Dukenburg, Nijmegen, The Netherlands -
Institute for Master Education in Musculoskeletal Therapies (SOMT), Amersfoort, The Netherlands -
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2017 Apr;57(4):388-395. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.16.06107-7. Epub 2016 Mar 30.
Football players with groin injury refrain from maximal kicking. Previous groin injury is related to decreased hip range of motion (ROM). Information on ROM differences between maximal and submaximal kicking within players is lacking. The first aim of this study is to quantify ROM of body segments during the maximal (MaxK) and submaximal (SubK) instep kick at four key points. The second aim is to study ROM differences of tension arc and movement trajectories between MaxK and SubK.
Maximal (100% ball speed) and submaximal (70% ball speed) instep kicks from 15 experienced football players were registered with motion capture. ROM of hip, spine, pelvis and knee segments were determined at four key points. Differences in segmental ROM for the tension arc and movement trajectories between MaxK and SubK were studied. Effect sizes (ES) were calculated.
Ball speed was 98.8±9.0 km/h for MaxK and 69.5±7.1 km/h for SubK. Three key points timed similarly (P<0.05) for MaxK and SubK. MaxK shows increased ROM for all segments (P<0.05) but not for hip flexion. MaxK results in enlargement of tension arc and movement trajectories. Spine flexion (ES=3.2) and pelvis posterior tilt (ES=2.2) show the greatest relative increase.
Maximal kicking shows larger segmental ROM than submaximal kicking. Enlargement of tension arc and movement trajectories relate to increased segmental velocity, according to biomechanical concepts. Central body actions play an important role in kicking. This information can be used to further identify kicking strategies in athletes with injury.
腹股沟受伤的足球运动员无法进行最大力度的踢球动作。既往腹股沟损伤与髋关节活动范围（ROM）减小有关。目前尚缺乏关于球员在最大力度和次最大力度踢球时ROM差异的信息。本研究的首要目的是量化在四个关键点进行最大力度（MaxK）和次最大力度（SubK）脚背踢球时身体各节段的ROM。第二个目的是研究MaxK和SubK之间张力弧和运动轨迹的ROM差异。
对15名经验丰富的足球运动员进行最大力度（100%球速）和次最大力度（70%球速）的脚背踢球动作，并用动作捕捉技术进行记录。在四个关键点测定髋、脊柱、骨盆和膝关节节段的ROM。研究MaxK和SubK之间张力弧和运动轨迹的节段ROM差异。计算效应量（ES）。
MaxK的球速为98.8±9.0 km/h，SubK的球速为69.5±7.1 km/h。MaxK和SubK的三个关键点时间相似（P<0.05）。MaxK时所有节段的ROM均增加（P<0.05），但髋关节屈曲除外。MaxK导致张力弧和运动轨迹增大。脊柱前屈（ES=3.2）和骨盆后倾（ES=2.2）的相对增加最大。
最大力度踢球比次最大力度踢球表现出更大的节段ROM。根据生物力学概念，张力弧和运动轨迹的增大与节段速度增加有关。身体中心部位的动作在踢球中起重要作用。这些信息可用于进一步确定受伤运动员的踢球策略。
