Guéguen C, Cuss C W, Cho S
Chemistry Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, K9J 7B8, Canada.
Environmental and Life Science Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, K9J 7B8, Canada.
Chemosphere. 2016 Jun;153:447-54. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.020. Epub 2016 Mar 28.
The total recoverable and dissolved concentrations of 29 metals and metalloids were analyzed in snowpack collected at 91 sites in the Athabasca oil sands region, Canada in winter 2011. Based on deposition pattern from geographical centre, three groups were found: Type-1 metals (i.e. dissolved and total recoverable V; Mo) showed a significant exponential decrease with distance, suggesting oil sands development sources; Type-2 elements (e.g. Al, Sb, As, Ba, Fe, Ni, Tl, and Ti and Zn) showed exponentially decline patterns but with some local point sources; Type-3 elements (e.g. Cd, Cl, Cr, Mn, Sr and Th) deposition pattern represented local sources. A self-organizing map showed that sites with the highest elemental concentrations (Cluster I) were mainly located in the vicinity of upgrading facilities and along the north-south transects. The lowest elemental concentration sites (Cluster III) were the most distal sites or located in the western region of the study area.
2011年冬季，在加拿大阿萨巴斯卡油砂地区的91个地点采集了积雪样本，分析了其中29种金属和类金属的总可回收浓度和溶解浓度。根据地理中心的沉积模式，发现了三组：第一类金属（即溶解态和总可回收态的钒；钼）随距离呈显著指数下降，表明来自油砂开发源；第二类元素（如铝、锑、砷、钡、铁、镍、铊、钛和锌）呈指数下降模式，但存在一些局部点源；第三类元素（如镉、氯、铬、锰、锶和钍）的沉积模式代表局部源。自组织映射显示，元素浓度最高的地点（第一组）主要位于升级设施附近和南北样带沿线。元素浓度最低的地点（第三组）是最偏远的地点或位于研究区域的西部。
