Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Construcción, Universitat Jaume I, Av Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain.
Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Construcción, Universitat Jaume I, Av Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain.
Waste Manag. 2016 Jul;53:204-17. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.03.038. Epub 2016 Mar 28.
This study proposes a general methodology for assessing and estimating the potential reuse of small waste electrical and electronic equipment (sWEEE), focusing on devices classified as domestic appliances. Specific tests for visual inspection, function and safety have been defined for ten different types of household appliances (vacuum cleaner, iron, microwave, toaster, sandwich maker, hand blender, juicer, boiler, heater and hair dryer). After applying the tests, reuse protocols have been defined in the form of easy-to-apply checklists for each of the ten types of appliance evaluated. This methodology could be useful for reuse enterprises, since there is a lack of specific protocols, adapted to each type of appliance, to test its potential of reuse. After applying the methodology, electrical and electronic appliances (used or waste) can be segregated into three categories: the appliance works properly and can be classified as direct reuse (items can be used by a second consumer without prior repair operations), the appliance requires a later evaluation of its potential refurbishment and repair (restoration of products to working order, although with possible loss of quality) or the appliance needs to be finally discarded from the reuse process and goes directly to a recycling process. Results after applying the methodology to a sample of 87.7kg (96 units) show that 30.2% of the appliances have no potential for reuse and should be diverted for recycling, while 67.7% require a subsequent evaluation of their potential refurbishment and repair, and only 2.1% of them could be directly reused with minor cleaning operations. This study represents a first approach to the "preparation for reuse" strategy that the European Directive related to Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment encourages to be applied. However, more research needs to be done as an extension of this study, mainly related to the identification of the feasibility of repair or refurbishment operations.
本研究提出了一种评估和估计小型废弃电子电气设备（sWEEE）潜在再利用的通用方法，重点关注被分类为家用电器的设备。针对十种不同类型的家用电器（吸尘器、熨斗、微波炉、烤面包机、三明治机、手动搅拌器、榨汁机、热水壶、加热器和吹风机），已经定义了用于目视检查、功能和安全的具体测试。在应用这些测试后，针对评估的十种类型的每种设备，以易于应用的检查表形式定义了再利用协议。对于再利用企业来说，这种方法可能很有用，因为缺乏特定的协议，无法适应每种类型的设备，无法测试其再利用潜力。在应用该方法后，可以将电气和电子设备（使用过的或废弃的）分为三类：设备正常工作，可以归类为直接再利用（物品可以由第二个消费者直接使用，无需事先进行维修操作）、设备需要进一步评估其潜在的翻新和维修潜力（将产品恢复到正常工作状态，尽管可能会降低质量）或设备需要最终从再利用过程中淘汰并直接进入回收过程。将该方法应用于 87.7 公斤（96 台）样本的结果表明，30.2%的设备没有再利用潜力，应转向回收，而 67.7%的设备需要进一步评估其潜在的翻新和维修潜力，只有 2.1%的设备可以通过轻微清洁操作直接再利用。本研究代表了对欧洲指令鼓励应用的“准备再利用”策略的初步尝试。然而，需要进一步研究作为本研究的扩展，主要涉及确定修复或翻新操作的可行性。
