Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Construcción, Universitat Jaume I, Av Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain.
Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Construcción, Universitat Jaume I, Av Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain.
Waste Manag. 2016 Jul;53:225-36. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.04.011. Epub 2016 Apr 29.
This paper is focused on characterising small waste electric and electronic equipment, specifically small household appliances, from two different points of views: disassembly properties and material identification. The sample for this characterisation was obtained from a selective collection campaign organised in Castellón de la Plana (Spain). A total amount of 833.7kg (749 units) of small waste electric and electronic equipment was collected, of which 23.3% by weight and 22.4% by units belonged to the subcategory household equipment. This subcategory, composed of appliances such as vacuum cleaners, toasters, sandwich makers, hand blenders, juicers, coffee makers, hairdryers, scales, irons and heaters, was first disassembled in order to analyse different aspects of the disassembly process for each equipment type: type of joints, ease of identification of materials, ease of access to joints for extracting components, ease of separation of components from the whole, uniformity of tools needed for the disassembly process and possibility of reassembly after disassembly. Results show that the most common joints used in these equipment types are snap-fits and screws, although some permanent joints have also been identified. Next, the material composition of each component of each appliance belonging to each equipment type was identified visually and with additional mechanical trials and testing. It can be observed that plastic and electric/electronic components are present in all the equipment types analysed and are also the material fractions that appear with higher percentages in the material composition: 41.1wt% and 39.1wt% for the plastic fraction and electric/electronic components, respectively. The most common plastics are: polypropylene (PP), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polycarbonate (PC), while the most common electric/electronic components are: cable, plug and printed circuit boards. Results also show that disassembly properties and material characterisation vary widely from one equipment type to another.
本文主要从两个不同的角度来描述小型废弃电子电气设备，特别是小家电的特征：拆卸性能和材料鉴别。该特性描述的样本取自于在西班牙卡斯特利翁德拉普拉纳（Castellón de la Plana）组织的一次选择性收集活动。共收集到 833.7 公斤（749 台）的小型废弃电子电气设备，其中按重量计有 23.3%，按台数计有 22.4%属于家用器具这一子类目。该子类目由真空吸尘器、烤面包机、多士炉、手动搅拌器、榨汁机、咖啡机、吹风机、秤、熨斗和取暖器等电器组成，首先对其进行拆卸，以分析每种设备类型的拆卸过程的不同方面：连接类型、材料识别的难易程度、接触连接点以提取组件的难易程度、从整体上分离组件的难易程度、拆卸过程所需工具的均匀性以及拆卸后重新组装的可能性。结果表明，这些设备类型中最常见的连接类型是卡扣和螺丝，但也发现了一些永久性连接。接下来，通过目视检查和额外的机械试验和测试，确定每个设备类型的每个器具的每个部件的材料组成。可以观察到，所有分析的设备类型中都存在塑料和电子/电气组件，它们也是材料组成中出现比例较高的材料：塑料占 41.1wt%，电子/电气组件占 39.1wt%。最常见的塑料是：聚丙烯（PP）、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯（ABS）和聚碳酸酯（PC），而最常见的电子/电气组件是：电缆、插头和印刷电路板。结果还表明，拆卸性能和材料特性在不同的设备类型之间差异很大。
