Paulus Hélène, Schick Joachim, Poirier Jean-Eric
Ecole Supérieure d'Ingénieurs des Travaux de la Construction, 28 Avenue du Président Wilson, 94234 Cachan, France.
Ecole Supérieure d'Ingénieurs des Travaux de la Construction, 28 Avenue du Président Wilson, 94234 Cachan, France.
J Environ Manage. 2016 Jul 1;176:79-85. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.03.044. Epub 2016 Mar 31.
Construction materials have to satisfy, among others, health and environment requirements. To check the environmental compatibility of road construction materials, release of hazardous substances into water must be assessed. Literature mostly describes the leaching behaviour of recycled aggregates for potential use in base or sub-base layers of roads. But little is known about the release of soluble substances by materials mixed with binders and compacted for intended use on road surface. In the present study, we thus performed a diffusion test with sequential renewal of water during a 64 day period according to CEN/TS 16637-2 specifications, on asphalt concretes and hydraulically bound monoliths, two common surface road materials. It is shown that release of dangerous substances is limited in these hydrodynamic conditions. It was particularly true for asphalt concrete leachates where no metallic trace element, sulphate, chloride or fluoride ion could be quantified. This is because of the low hydraulic conductivity and the low polarity of the petroleum hydrocarbon binder of these specimens. For hydraulically bound materials around 20,000 mg/m(2) of sulphate diffused from the monoliths. It is one order of magnitude higher than chloride diffusion and two orders of magnitude higher than fluoride release. No metallic trace element, except small quantities of copper in the last eluate could be quantified. No adverse effect is to be expected for human and environmental health from the leachates of these compacted surface road construction materials, because all the measured parameters were below EU (Council Directive 98/83/EC) or WHO guidelines for drinking water standards.
建筑材料必须满足健康和环境等方面的要求。为了检验道路建筑材料的环境兼容性，必须评估有害物质向水中的释放情况。文献大多描述了再生骨料在道路基层或底基层潜在用途中的浸出行为。但对于与粘结剂混合并压实用于路面的材料中可溶性物质的释放情况却知之甚少。因此，在本研究中，我们根据CEN/TS 16637-2规范，对两种常见的路面材料——沥青混凝土和液压结合整体材料，在64天内进行了水连续更新的扩散试验。结果表明，在这些水动力条件下，有害物质的释放是有限的。对于沥青混凝土渗滤液尤其如此，其中无法定量检测到金属微量元素、硫酸盐、氯化物或氟离子。这是因为这些试样的水力传导率低，且石油烃粘结剂的极性低。对于液压结合材料，约20,000 mg/m²的硫酸盐从整体材料中扩散出来。这比氯化物扩散高一个数量级，比氟化物释放高两个数量级。除了最后一次洗脱液中有少量铜外，没有其他金属微量元素可以定量检测到。这些压实的路面建筑材料的渗滤液对人类和环境健康预计不会产生不利影响，因为所有测量参数均低于欧盟（理事会指令98/83/EC）或世界卫生组织饮用水标准指南。
