Maherzi Walid, Ennahal Ilyas, Bouaich Fatima Zahra, Benzerzour Mahfoud, Rais Zakia, Mamindy-Pajany Yannick, Abriak Nor-Edine
Laboratoire de Génie Civil et Géo-Environnement, University of Lille, IMT Nord Europe, ULR 4515-LGCgE, 59000 Lille, France.
Faculty of Science Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, Mohammedia 28810, Morocco.
Materials (Basel). 2023 Mar 7;16(6):2150. doi: 10.3390/ma16062150.
Today, the reuse of waste in building materials occupies an important place in the approach to the circularity of materials. National and European environmental regulations require ensuring the environmental safety of material-incorporating waste. For this, there are specific tests to verify that there is no health risk when using these materials. Concretely, to check the environmental acceptability of construction materials, including wastes, the release of hazardous substances into water must be assessed. In this research, we performed a diffusion test with the sequential renewal of water during a 64-day period according to the NF EN 15863 specifications on polymer mortar monoliths, common construction products used in floor-covering applications and incorporating sediments. Polymer mortars were prepared at a laboratory scale by incorporating 30 or 50% of polluted sediment for various polymer concentrations (12, 14, 16, 18, 20 and 25%). It was shown that the release of inorganic substances is limited in these hydrodynamic conditions. Among trace elements, As, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn are lower than quantification limits in most leachates, whereas Ba, Co, Cu and V are systematically quantified at low concentration levels. This is particularly true for samples displaying the highest polymer concentration (25%) and the lowest sediment incorporation rate (30%). This is because of the low water absorption level and low porosity of polymer mortar matrices. No adverse effect is to be expected for environmental health from the leachates of these construction materials, including waterways sediments, because all the measured parameters were below the Soil Quality Decree limits applied in the Netherlands for environmental assessment of construction products.
如今，建筑材料中废弃物的再利用在材料循环利用方法中占据重要地位。国家和欧洲的环境法规要求确保含废弃物材料的环境安全性。为此，有特定的测试来验证使用这些材料时不存在健康风险。具体而言，为了检查包括废弃物在内的建筑材料的环境可接受性，必须评估有害物质向水中的释放情况。在本研究中，我们根据NF EN 15863规范，对聚合物砂浆整体材料、用于地面覆盖应用且含有沉积物的普通建筑产品，在64天内进行了水的连续更新扩散试验。通过掺入30%或50%的污染沉积物，针对不同聚合物浓度（12%、14%、16%、18%、20%和25%）在实验室规模制备聚合物砂浆。结果表明，在这些水动力条件下，无机物质的释放受到限制。在微量元素中，砷、镉、铬、镍、铅和锌在大多数浸出液中低于定量限，而钡、钴、铜和钒则系统地在低浓度水平被定量。对于聚合物浓度最高（25%）且沉积物掺入率最低（30%）的样品尤其如此。这是因为聚合物砂浆基体的吸水率低且孔隙率低。这些建筑材料（包括水道沉积物）的浸出液对环境健康预计不会产生不利影响，因为所有测量参数均低于荷兰用于建筑产品环境评估的土壤质量法令限值。
