Mathew Asha Joselet, Gopidas Geetha Sulochana, Sukumaran Tintu Thottiyil
Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Amrita School of Medicine, AIMS , Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, Kerala, India .
Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomy, Amrita School of Medicine, AIMS , Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Kochi, Kerala, India .
J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Feb;10(2):AC05-8. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/17893.7237. Epub 2016 Feb 1.
The Supratrochlear Foramen (STF) is a variably shaped perforation present in the bony septum that separates the olecranon and coronoid fossae at the distal end of the humerus, between the two epicondyles. Its incidence varies widely from 0.3% to 58% in different races.
This study aims to describe its prevalence and morphometry in relation to its shape and size and distance from the epicondyles.
A prospective study of 244 unpaired humerii, 130 of the left side and 114 of the right side of unknown age and sex were examined for the presence of STF and prevalence stated. The STF was classified according to shape and their metric assessment was carried out, along with measures of its distance from the epicodyles and trochlear margin.
Of the 244 humeri studied 60 showed presence of the foramen, 45 were opaque and 139 showed translucent septum. The sidewise prevalence of opacity, translucent septum and foraminae were tabulated. The commonest shape noted was oval. Other shapes such as round, triangular, rectangular, sieve and reniform were visualised. In the oval STF, transverse and vertical diameters were measured. The transverse and vertical diameters on the left were 4.9 and 3.27 mm and on the right it was 5.12 and 3.48mm respectively. The distance from the medial epicondyle, lateral epicondyle and trochlea to the STF margins was measured and the mean values were calculated separately for right and left sides. The mean diameter of the round foramen was 3.23 and 4.89mm for left and right sides respectively. In the triangular type the maximum vertical and transverse diameters were recorded. There was only one sample of the rectangular type. Its length was 4.1mm and the breadth was 2.27mm and it belonged to the right side. The reniform type totalled 7 of which 6 were of the left side. The average vertical length at the hilum was 4.52 mm and the transverse measurement was 7.44 mm. The foraminae of the right side were found to be larger, regardless of shape.
Its existence is important to the orthopaedician in the preoperative planning of nailing fractures of the distal humerus and to the radiologist for differentiating it from an osteolytic or cystic lesion.
滑车上孔（STF）是一种形状各异的穿孔，存在于肱骨远端两髁之间分隔鹰嘴窝和冠突窝的骨间隔中。其发生率在不同种族中差异很大，从0.3%到58%不等。
本研究旨在描述其患病率以及与形状、大小和距髁的距离相关的形态测量。
对244例未配对的肱骨进行前瞻性研究，其中左侧130例，右侧114例，年龄和性别不详，检查滑车上孔的存在情况并说明患病率。根据形状对滑车上孔进行分类，并对其进行测量评估，同时测量其距髁和滑车边缘的距离。
在研究的244例肱骨中，60例显示有孔，45例为不透明，139例为半透明间隔。列出了不透明、半透明间隔和孔的侧别患病率。最常见的形状为椭圆形。还观察到其他形状，如圆形、三角形、矩形、筛状和肾形。对于椭圆形滑车上孔，测量其横径和纵径。左侧的横径和纵径分别为4.9和3.27mm，右侧分别为5.12和3.48mm。测量了内侧髁、外侧髁和滑车到滑车上孔边缘的距离，并分别计算了左右侧的平均值。圆形孔的平均直径左侧为3.23mm，右侧为4.89mm。对于三角形类型，记录其最大垂直和横径。矩形类型只有一个样本。其长度为4.1mm，宽度为2.27mm，属于右侧。肾形类型共有7个，其中6个在左侧。肾门处的平均垂直长度为4.52mm，横向测量值为7.44mm。发现右侧的孔无论形状如何都较大。
其存在对于骨科医生在肱骨远端骨折钉内固定术前规划中很重要，对于放射科医生将其与溶骨性或囊性病变区分开来也很重要。
