Petersen Ronald C
Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2016 Apr;22(2 Dementia):404-18. doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000313.
As individuals age, the quality of cognitive function becomes an increasingly important topic. The concept of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has evolved over the past 2 decades to represent a state of cognitive function between that seen in normal aging and dementia. As such, it is important for health care providers to be aware of the condition and place it in the appropriate clinical context.
Numerous international population-based studies have been conducted to document the frequency of MCI, estimating its prevalence to be between 15% and 20% in persons 60 years and older, making it a common condition encountered by clinicians. The annual rate in which MCI progresses to dementia varies between 8% and 15% per year, implying that it is an important condition to identify and treat. In those MCI cases destined to develop Alzheimer disease, biomarkers are emerging to help identify etiology and predict progression. However, not all MCI is due to Alzheimer disease, and identifying subtypes is important for possible treatment and counseling. If treatable causes are identified, the person with MCI might improve.
MCI is an important clinical entity to identify, and while uncertainties persist, clinicians need to be aware of its diagnostic features to enable them to counsel patients. MCI remains an active area of research as numerous randomized controlled trials are being conducted to develop effective treatments.
随着个体年龄增长，认知功能质量成为一个日益重要的话题。在过去20年中，轻度认知障碍（MCI）的概念不断演变，以代表一种介于正常衰老和痴呆之间的认知功能状态。因此，医疗保健提供者了解这种情况并将其置于适当的临床背景中很重要。
已经开展了许多基于国际人群的研究来记录MCI的发生率，估计60岁及以上人群中其患病率在15%至20%之间，这使其成为临床医生经常遇到的一种情况。MCI每年进展为痴呆的发生率在8%至15%之间，这意味着识别和治疗这一情况很重要。在那些注定会发展为阿尔茨海默病的MCI病例中，正在出现一些生物标志物来帮助确定病因并预测病情进展。然而，并非所有MCI都是由阿尔茨海默病引起的，识别亚型对于可能的治疗和咨询很重要。如果确定了可治疗的病因，MCI患者可能会有所改善。
MCI是一个需要识别的重要临床实体，虽然仍存在不确定性，但临床医生需要了解其诊断特征以便为患者提供咨询。由于正在进行大量随机对照试验以开发有效的治疗方法，MCI仍然是一个活跃的研究领域。
