1 University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
2 San Francisco State University, CA, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2019 Jan;34(1):3-26. doi: 10.1177/0886260516639261. Epub 2016 Apr 4.
Intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization during pregnancy is a major public health concern, yet little is known about how risk factors for IPV during pregnancy may depend on whether women have histories of victimization dating back to early childhood (ages 0-5 years). This study examined whether risk factors for physical IPV victimization during pregnancy (a pregnancy that was not planned and prenatal substance use) differed for women with versus without early childhood victimization. Participants were 236 ethnically diverse, low-income biological mothers ( M = 30.94 years; 50.0% Latina, 16.9% Caucasian, 13.1% African American, and 16.9% multiracial) of children aged 0 to 6 years. Mothers were classified into four groups based on whether they had experienced early childhood victimization and physical IPV victimization during pregnancy with the target child. Multinomial logistic regressions, controlling for demographic characteristics, examined whether a pregnancy not planned and prenatal substance use predicted group membership. Compared to mothers with early victimization only, mothers with both early childhood victimization and physical IPV during pregnancy were more than 3 times as likely to report that their pregnancy with the target child was not planned. In follow-up analyses, mothers with early victimization and physical IPV during pregnancy also reported higher lifetime parity than mothers with physical IPV during pregnancy but no early victimization. Early childhood victimization may place women on a risk pathway to physical IPV during pregnancy, particularly if the pregnancy is not planned. Prevention and policy efforts should screen women for early childhood victimization to understand risks for physical IPV during pregnancy.
怀孕期间的亲密伴侣暴力 (IPV) 受害是一个重大的公共卫生问题，但对于怀孕期间 IPV 的风险因素如何取决于女性是否有追溯到童年早期（0-5 岁）的受害史，知之甚少。本研究探讨了怀孕期间身体 IPV 受害（计划外怀孕和产前药物使用）的风险因素是否因有或没有童年早期受害的女性而有所不同。参与者是 236 名种族多样化、收入低的亲生母亲（M=30.94 岁；50.0%拉丁裔、16.9%白种人、13.1%非裔美国人和 16.9%多种族），其子女年龄在 0 至 6 岁之间。母亲们根据她们是否经历过童年早期受害和怀孕期间针对目标儿童的身体 IPV 受害，被分为四个组。在控制人口统计学特征的情况下，使用多项逻辑回归检验了计划外怀孕和产前药物使用是否预测了组别的归属。与只有童年早期受害的母亲相比，既有童年早期受害又有怀孕期间身体 IPV 受害的母亲报告说，她们与目标儿童的怀孕计划外的可能性是前者的三倍多。在后续分析中，有童年早期受害和怀孕期间身体 IPV 的母亲报告的终生生育次数也高于只有怀孕期间身体 IPV 而没有童年早期受害的母亲。童年早期的受害可能使女性处于怀孕期间身体 IPV 的风险途径中，特别是如果怀孕是计划外的。预防和政策工作应该对女性进行童年早期受害筛查，以了解怀孕期间身体 IPV 的风险。
