DNA损伤修复过程中的p53
p53 in the DNA-Damage-Repair Process.
作者信息
Williams Ashley B, Schumacher Björn
机构信息
Medical Faculty, Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
出版信息
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2016 May 2;6(5):a026070. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026070.
The cells in the human body are continuously challenged by a variety of genotoxic attacks. Erroneous repair of the DNA can lead to mutations and chromosomal aberrations that can alter the functions of tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, thus causing cancer development. As a central tumor suppressor, p53 guards the genome by orchestrating a variety of DNA-damage-response (DDR) mechanisms. Already early in metazoan evolution, p53 started controlling the apoptotic demise of genomically compromised cells. p53 plays a prominent role as a facilitator of DNA repair by halting the cell cycle to allow time for the repair machineries to restore genome stability. In addition, p53 took on diverse roles to also directly impact the activity of various DNA-repair systems. It thus appears as if p53 is multitasking in providing protection from cancer development by maintaining genome stability.
人体细胞不断受到各种基因毒性攻击的挑战。DNA的错误修复会导致突变和染色体畸变，进而改变肿瘤抑制基因或致癌基因的功能，从而引发癌症。作为一种核心肿瘤抑制因子，p53通过协调多种DNA损伤反应（DDR）机制来保护基因组。早在后生动物进化早期，p53就开始控制基因组受损细胞的凋亡死亡。p53作为DNA修复的促进因子发挥着重要作用，它通过暂停细胞周期，为修复机制恢复基因组稳定性留出时间。此外，p53还发挥多种作用，直接影响各种DNA修复系统的活性。因此，p53似乎在通过维持基因组稳定性来提供对癌症发生的保护方面承担着多项任务。
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