Szendroedi Julia, Saxena Aaruni, Weber Katharina S, Strassburger Klaus, Herder Christian, Burkart Volker, Nowotny Bettina, Icks Andrea, Kuss Oliver, Ziegler Dan, Al-Hasani Hadi, Müssig Karsten, Roden Michael
Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research, German Diabetes Center at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2016 Apr 7;15:59. doi: 10.1186/s12933-016-0374-9.
The German Diabetes Study (GDS) is a prospective longitudinal cohort study describing the impact of subphenotypes on the course of the disease. GDS aims at identifying prognostic factors and mechanisms underlying the development of related comorbidities.
The study comprises intensive phenotyping within 12 months after clinical diagnosis, at 5-year intervals for 20 years and annual telephone interviews in between. Dynamic tests, including glucagon, mixed meal, intravenous glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemic clamp tests, serve to assess beta-cell function and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity. Magnetic resonance imaging and multinuclei spectroscopy allow quantifying whole-body fat distribution, tissue-specific lipid deposition and energy metabolism. Comprehensive analyses of microvascular (nerve, eye, kidney) and macrovascular (endothelial, cardiorespiratory) morphology and function enable identification and monitoring of comorbidities. The GDS biobank stores specimens from blood, stool, skeletal muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue and skin for future analyses including multiomics, expression profiles and histology. Repeated questionnaires on socioeconomic conditions, patient-reported outcomes as quality of life, health-related behavior as physical activity and nutritional habits are a specific asset of GDS. This study will recruit 3000 patients and a group of humans without familiy history of diabetes. 237 type 1 and 456 type 2 diabetes patients have been already included.
德国糖尿病研究（GDS）是一项前瞻性纵向队列研究，描述了亚表型对疾病进程的影响。GDS旨在确定相关合并症发生发展的预后因素和潜在机制。
该研究包括临床诊断后12个月内的强化表型分析，之后每5年进行一次，持续20年，并在其间进行年度电话访谈。动态测试，包括胰高血糖素、混合餐、静脉葡萄糖耐量和高胰岛素正葡萄糖钳夹试验，用于评估β细胞功能和组织特异性胰岛素敏感性。磁共振成像和多核磁共振波谱可对全身脂肪分布、组织特异性脂质沉积和能量代谢进行量化。对微血管（神经、眼睛、肾脏）和大血管（内皮、心肺）形态和功能的综合分析能够识别和监测合并症。GDS生物样本库储存血液、粪便、骨骼肌、皮下脂肪组织和皮肤的样本，用于未来包括多组学、表达谱和组织学在内的分析。关于社会经济状况的重复问卷调查、患者报告的生活质量结果、与健康相关的行为如体育活动和营养习惯是GDS的一项特殊优势。本研究将招募3000名患者和一组无糖尿病家族史的人群。已经纳入了237名1型糖尿病患者和456名2型糖尿病患者。
