State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Jul 15;559:7-14. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.125. Epub 2016 Apr 4.
China has become the largest producer of iron and steel throughout the world since 1996. However, as an energy-and-pollution intensive manufacturing sector, a detailed comprehensive emission inventory of air pollutants for iron and steel industry of China is still not available. To obtain and better understand the temporal trends and spatial variation characteristics of typical hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) emissions from iron and steel production in China, a comprehensive emission inventory of multiple air pollutants, including size segregated particulate matter (TSP/PM10/PM2.5), gaseous pollutants (SO2, NOx, CO), heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, Ni etc.), as well as the more dangerous PCDD/Fs, is established with the unit-based annual activity, specific dynamic emission factors for the historical period of 1978-2011, and the future potential trends till to 2050 are forecasted by using scenario analysis. Our results show that emissions of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter have experienced a gradual increase tendency since 2000, while emissions of priority-controlled heavy metals (Hg, Pb, As, Cd, Cr, and Ni) have exhibited a short-term fluctuation during the period of 1990 to 2005. With regard to the spatial distribution of HAPs emissions in base year 2011, Bohai economic circle is identified as the top emission intensity region where iron and steel smelting plants are densely built; within iron and steel industry, blast furnaces contribute the majority of PM emissions, sinter plants account for most of gaseous pollutants and the majority of PCDD/Fs, whereas steel making processes are responsible for the majority of heavy metal emissions. Moreover, comparisons of future emission trends under three scenarios indicate that advanced technologies and integrated whole process management strategies are in great need to further diminish various hazardous air pollutants from iron and steel industry in the future.
自 1996 年以来，中国一直是全球最大的钢铁生产国。然而，作为一个能源和污染密集型制造业，中国钢铁行业的空气污染物综合排放清单仍不完整。为了获取和更好地了解中国钢铁生产过程中典型危险空气污染物（HAPs）排放的时间趋势和空间变化特征，我们建立了一个多空气污染物排放清单，包括按粒径分级的颗粒物（TSP/PM10/PM2.5）、气态污染物（SO2、NOx、CO）、重金属（Pb、Cd、Hg、As、Cr、Ni 等）以及更危险的 PCDD/Fs。该清单基于历史时期（1978-2011 年）的单位年度活动和特定动态排放因子进行编制，并通过情景分析预测未来至 2050 年的潜在趋势。结果表明，自 2000 年以来，气态污染物和颗粒物的排放量呈逐渐增加的趋势，而优先控制的重金属（Hg、Pb、As、Cd、Cr 和 Ni）的排放量在 1990 年至 2005 年期间呈现短期波动。就 2011 年基准年的 HAPs 排放的空间分布而言，渤海经济圈被确定为钢铁冶炼厂密集建设的高排放强度地区；在钢铁行业内，高炉是 PM 排放的主要来源，烧结厂是气态污染物和 PCDD/Fs 的主要来源，而炼钢工艺则是重金属排放的主要来源。此外，三种情景下未来排放趋势的比较表明，未来需要先进的技术和综合全过程管理策略，以进一步减少钢铁行业的各种危险空气污染物。
