Mérida Ruíz Samuel Alberto, Guerra Centeno Dennis Sigfried, Bailey Leonardo Edgar Leonel, Rohn Karl, Kösters Sarah, Kreienbrock Lothar
Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
Institute of Animal Science and Ecohealth Investigation, Graduate School, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of San Carlos, Guatemala, Ciudad Universitaria, zona 12, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
BMC Res Notes. 2016 Apr 7;9:207. doi: 10.1186/s13104-016-2009-3.
The intention of the following study was to describe the interrelationship between villagers, domestic animals and wildlife at the Community Forestry Concession of Uaxactún, Guatemala by means of participatory epidemiological methods. The main focus was generating information regarding different livestock diseases considered important by villagers and their relevance, as well as obtaining knowledge concerning hunting activities and cooking methods to gain a better understanding of the interrelationship of people and animals and the diseases of their animals.
For poultry, an overall prevalence of 41% of Newcastle disease was found by means of the ELISA test by antibody detection, chicken being the most affected species in the village. No samples were positive to avian influenza with the HI test. No virus was isolated by means of the tracheal or cloaca swabbing of ducks.
All species could be hunted by chance at any time of the year. There was a difference in species hunted between seasons, peccaries being more frequently hunted during the dry season and in contrast, deer and wild avian during the rainy season.
Villagers did not consume any raw meat. The cooking methods depended on the species. Stewing was the most favoured method for peccaries, wild birds, tepezcuintle and domestic poultry, whereas grilling was preferable for deer, roasting for armadillos and marinating for pork.
According to the generated information, the most important domestic livestock species in the village are chickens and pigs, chickens being the most affected by diseases. No evident health problems on pigs were observed in this study. Hunting was shown as an activity enhanced by poverty and the lack of employment opportunities in the village and was mostly directed at larger species such as deer and peccaries. From the viewpoint of a transmission of zoonoses from animals to humans cooking methods mostly reflected a protective factor as no raw meat was eaten, stews and broths being the most common forms of cooking, involving an exposure of meat to high temperatures. Nonetheless, both agricultural and hunting activities represent a risk factor for the spread of diseases as hunters may act as mechanical vectors for different pathogens within domestic and wild animal populations.
以下研究旨在通过参与式流行病学方法描述危地马拉乌阿克通社区林业特许权区村民、家畜和野生动物之间的相互关系。主要重点是收集有关村民认为重要的不同家畜疾病及其相关性的信息，以及获取有关狩猎活动和烹饪方法的知识，以更好地理解人与动物及其动物疾病之间的相互关系。
通过ELISA抗体检测试验发现，家禽新城疫的总体患病率为41%，鸡是村里受影响最严重的物种。HI试验中没有样本对禽流感呈阳性。通过鸭的气管或泄殖腔拭子未分离到病毒。
所有物种在一年中的任何时候都可能被偶然猎杀。不同季节猎杀的物种存在差异，野猪在旱季被猎杀的频率更高，相反，鹿和野生禽类在雨季被猎杀。
村民不食用任何生肉。烹饪方法取决于物种。炖是野猪、野鸟、鬃狼和家禽最喜欢的烹饪方法，而烤更适合鹿，犰狳适合烤，猪肉适合腌制。
根据所收集的信息，村里最重要的家畜物种是鸡和猪，鸡受疾病影响最大。本研究中未观察到猪有明显的健康问题。狩猎被证明是一种因贫困和村里缺乏就业机会而增加的活动，主要针对鹿和野猪等较大物种。从动物向人类传播人畜共患病的角度来看，烹饪方法大多反映出一种保护因素，因为不吃生肉，炖菜和肉汤是最常见的烹饪形式，这使得肉暴露在高温下。尽管如此，农业和狩猎活动都是疾病传播的风险因素，因为猎人可能成为家畜和野生动物种群中不同病原体的机械传播媒介。
