Rouse William B, Pennock Michael J, Oghbaie Mehrnoosh, Liu Chen
Center for Complex Systems and Enterprises, School of Systems and Enterprises, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
Center for Complex Systems and Enterprises, School of Systems and Enterprises, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
Appl Ergon. 2017 Mar;59(Pt B):541-553. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.03.006. Epub 2016 Apr 4.
Data visualization has of late received an enormous amount of attention from both researchers and practitioners. Even the popular press often includes impressive visualizations of various data sets. Interactive visualizations frequently include data visualizations, but they differ in that users employ the visualizations to make inferences, reach conclusions, and make decisions that result in changed and/or new visualizations. Data visualizations emphasize "what is," but interactive visualizations address "what if." In this way, interactive visualizations are often intended for decision support. This article addresses the design of interactive visualizations for decision support. An overall methodology is presented; central to this methodology is Jens Rasmussen's abstraction-aggregation hierarchy. The results of two applications and evaluations of the outcomes of using this methodology are discussed. The first application focused on interactive visualizations for helicopter maintenance. The second application addressed "enterprise diagnostics" in the automobile industry where subjects were asked to diagnose the cause of failed automobile brands. The results of these two applications are used to assess the efficacy of the proposed methodology.
数据可视化近来受到了研究人员和从业者的大量关注。就连大众媒体也常常会有各种数据集的令人印象深刻的可视化展示。交互式可视化常常包含数据可视化，但它们的不同之处在于，用户利用这些可视化来进行推断、得出结论并做出决策，而这些决策会带来变化了的和/或新的可视化。数据可视化强调“是什么”，而交互式可视化处理“如果……会怎样”。通过这种方式，交互式可视化通常旨在提供决策支持。本文探讨用于决策支持的交互式可视化设计。提出了一种总体方法；该方法的核心是延斯·拉斯穆森的抽象-聚合层次结构。讨论了使用该方法的两个应用以及对结果的评估。第一个应用聚焦于直升机维护的交互式可视化。第二个应用涉及汽车行业的“企业诊断”，在其中要求受试者诊断汽车品牌故障的原因。这两个应用的结果用于评估所提出方法的有效性。
