Freisthler Bridget, Thomas Crystal A, Curry Susanna R, Wolf Jennifer Price
Department of Social Welfare, Luskin School of Public Affairs, University of California, Los Angeles, 3250 Public Affairs Building, Box 951656, Los Angeles, CA 90095.
Prevention Research Center Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation 180 Grand Avenue, Suite 1200 Oakland, CA 94612-3749.
Child Youth Care Forum. 2016 Apr;45(2):259-277. doi: 10.1007/s10566-015-9329-7. Epub 2015 Jul 11.
The environments where parents spend time, such as at work, at their child's school, or with friends and family, may exert a greater influence on their parenting behaviors than the residential neighborhoods where they live. These environments, termed activity spaces, provide individualized information about the where parents go, offering a more detailed understanding of the environmental risks and resources to which parents are exposed.
This study conducts a preliminary examination of how neighborhood context, social processes, and individual activity spaces are related to a variety of parenting practices.
Data were collected from 42 parents via door-to-door surveys in one neighborhood area. Survey participants provided information about punitive and non-punitive parenting practices, the locations where they conducted daily living activities, social supports, and neighborhood social processes. OLS regression procedures were used to examine covariates related to the size of parent activity spaces. Negative binomial models assessed how activity spaces were related to four punitive and five non-punitive parenting practices.
With regards to size of parents' activity spaces, male caregivers and those with a local (within neighborhood) primary support member had larger activity spaces. Size of a parent's activity space is negatively related to use of punitive parenting, but generally not related to non-punitive parenting behaviors.
These findings suggest social workers should assess where parents spend their time and get socially isolated parents involved in activities that could result in less use of punitive parenting.
父母花费时间的环境，如工作场所、孩子的学校，或与朋友和家人相处的地方，可能比他们居住的社区对其养育行为产生更大影响。这些环境被称为活动空间，提供了关于父母去向的个性化信息，能更详细地了解父母所接触到的环境风险和资源。
本研究初步考察邻里环境、社会过程和个人活动空间如何与各种养育方式相关。
通过在一个邻里地区挨家挨户进行调查，从42位家长那里收集数据。调查参与者提供了关于惩罚性和非惩罚性养育方式、他们进行日常生活活动的地点、社会支持以及邻里社会过程的信息。采用OLS回归程序来检验与家长活动空间大小相关的协变量。负二项模型评估活动空间如何与四种惩罚性和五种非惩罚性养育方式相关。
关于家长活动空间的大小，男性照顾者以及有当地（邻里内）主要支持成员的人活动空间更大。家长活动空间的大小与惩罚性养育方式的使用呈负相关，但一般与非惩罚性养育行为无关。
这些发现表明，社会工作者应该评估父母在哪里度过他们的时间，并让社交孤立的父母参与一些活动，这些活动可能会减少惩罚性养育方式的使用。
