National Immunization Program National Centre of Disease Control and Prevention Ministry of Health of the Republic of Armenia.
National Centre of Disease Control and Prevention Ministry of Health of the Republic of Armenia Immunization and Epidemiology of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, Yerevan, Armenia.
Clin Infect Dis. 2016 May 1;62 Suppl 2:S147-54. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciw045.
The Republic of Armenia was 1 of the 2 earliest countries in the Newly Independent States to introduce rotavirus vaccine into its national immunization program to reduce the burden of rotavirus disease (documented to cause 38% of acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations [AGE] among children aged <5 years). In November 2012, RV1 (Rotarix) was introduced for Armenian infants at ages 6 and 12 weeks.
The established active surveillance system at 2 hospitals in the capital, Yerevan, whereby children aged <5 years hospitalized for AGE have stool sample tested for rotavirus antigen, was used to assess trends in rotavirus hospitalizations. Immunization records on children enrolled after vaccine introduction were obtained from clinics, and vaccine effectiveness (VE) was estimated using children with AGE who test negative for rotavirus as controls for the rotavirus-positive cases.
Among infants, rotavirus hospitalizations were reduced by 48% within the first year after introduction, and by ≥75% in years 2 and 3 following introduction. Reductions of ≥30% in other young children too old to have been vaccinated suggest additional benefit through indirect protection; overall in year 3, rotavirus hospitalizations were reduced by 69% among children aged <5 years. The overall VE of 2 RV1 doses in protecting against rotavirus hospitalization (any severity) was 62% (95% confidence interval [CI], 36%-77%) among children aged 6-23 months; 68% (95% CI, 24%-86%) among those aged 6-11 months, and 60% (95% CI, 20%-80%) in children aged 12-23 months. Against more severe rotavirus disease, VE was 79% (95% CI, 55%-90%) and similarly high in both age groups.
RV1 is effective in young Armenian children and substantially reduced rotavirus hospitalizations shortly after introduction.
亚美尼亚共和国是最早将轮状病毒疫苗纳入国家免疫计划以减轻轮状病毒疾病负担的 2 个独联体国家之一（有记录表明，轮状病毒会导致 5 岁以下儿童 38%的急性肠胃炎住院治疗）。2012 年 11 月，RV1（罗特律克）开始为亚美尼亚婴儿提供 6 周和 12 周龄的接种。
首都埃里温的 2 家医院建立了一个完善的主动监测系统，对因急性肠胃炎住院的 5 岁以下儿童进行粪便样本轮状病毒抗原检测，用于评估轮状病毒住院的趋势。通过诊所获取疫苗接种后登记的儿童免疫记录，并使用轮状病毒检测呈阴性的肠胃炎儿童作为轮状病毒阳性病例的对照，来估计疫苗的有效性（VE）。
在引入疫苗后的第一年，婴儿的轮状病毒住院率降低了 48%，在引入后的第 2 年和第 3 年降低了≥75%。年龄较大的未接种疫苗的其他幼儿的降幅≥30%，表明通过间接保护产生了额外的效益；总体而言，在第 3 年，5 岁以下儿童的轮状病毒住院率降低了 69%。2 剂 RV1 对轮状病毒住院（任何严重程度）的总体 VE 为 6-23 个月儿童的 62%（95%置信区间[CI]，36%-77%）；6-11 个月儿童的 68%（95% CI，24%-86%）和 12-23 个月儿童的 60%（95% CI，20%-80%）。对于更严重的轮状病毒疾病，VE 为 79%（95% CI，55%-90%），在两个年龄组中均较高。
RV1 在亚美尼亚幼儿中有效，并且在引入后不久就大大降低了轮状病毒住院率。
