Enane Leslie A, Gastañaduy Paul A, Goldfarb David M, Pernica Jeffrey M, Mokomane Margaret, Moorad Banno, Masole Lingani, Tate Jacqueline E, Parashar Umesh D, Steenhoff Andrew P
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Botswana-UPenn Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.
Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Clin Infect Dis. 2016 May 1;62 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S168-74. doi: 10.1093/cid/civ1210.
A monovalent human rotavirus vaccine (RV1) was introduced in Botswana in July 2012. We assessed the impact of RV1 vaccination on childhood gastroenteritis-related hospitalizations and deaths in 2013 and 2014.
We obtained data from registers of 4 hospitals in Botswana on hospitalizations and deaths from gastroenteritis, regardless of cause, among children <5 years of age. Gastroenteritis hospitalizations and deaths during the prevaccine period (January 2009-December 2012) were compared to the postvaccine period (January 2013-December 2014). Vaccine coverage was estimated from data collected through a concurrent vaccine effectiveness study at the same hospitals.
By December 2014, coverage with ≥1 dose of RV1 was an estimated 90% among infants <1 year of age and 76% among children 12-23 months of age. In the prevaccine period, the annual median number of gastroenteritis-related hospitalizations in children <5 years of age was 1212, and of gastroenteritis-related deaths in children <2 years of age was 77. In the postvaccine period, gastroenteritis-related hospitalizations decreased by 23% (95% confidence interval [CI], 16%-29%) to 937, and gastroenteritis-related deaths decreased by 22% (95% CI, -9% to 44%) to 60. Declines were most prominent during the rotavirus season (May-October) and among infants <1 year of age, with reductions of 43% (95% CI, 34%-51%) in gastroenteritis hospitalizations and 48% (95% CI, 11%-69%) in gastroenteritis deaths.
Following introduction of RV1 into the national immunization program, significant declines in hospitalizations and deaths from gastroenteritis were observed among children in Botswana, suggestive of the beneficial public health impact of rotavirus vaccination.
2012年7月，博茨瓦纳引入了单价人轮状病毒疫苗（RV1）。我们评估了2013年和2014年RV1疫苗接种对儿童肠胃炎相关住院和死亡的影响。
我们从博茨瓦纳4家医院的登记册中获取了5岁以下儿童因肠胃炎住院和死亡的数据，无论病因如何。将疫苗接种前时期（2009年1月至2012年12月）的肠胃炎住院和死亡情况与疫苗接种后时期（2013年1月至2014年12月）进行比较。通过在同一家医院进行的同期疫苗效力研究收集的数据估算疫苗接种覆盖率。
到2014年12月，1岁以下婴儿中≥1剂RV1的接种覆盖率估计为90%，12至23个月大儿童中为76%。在疫苗接种前时期，5岁以下儿童肠胃炎相关住院的年度中位数为1212例，2岁以下儿童肠胃炎相关死亡的年度中位数为77例。在疫苗接种后时期，肠胃炎相关住院减少了23%（95%置信区间[CI]，16%-29%）至937例，肠胃炎相关死亡减少了22%（95%CI，-9%至44%）至60例。在轮状病毒季节（5月至10月）和1岁以下婴儿中下降最为显著，肠胃炎住院减少了43%（95%CI，34%-51%），肠胃炎死亡减少了48%（95%CI，11%-69%）。
在将RV1纳入国家免疫规划后，博茨瓦纳儿童中肠胃炎住院和死亡人数显著下降，表明轮状病毒疫苗接种对公共卫生有有益影响。
