Younes Jessica A, Reid Gregor, van der Mei Henny C, Busscher Henk J
University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Department of BioMedical Engineering, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands.
Human Microbiology and Probiotics, Lawson Health Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario, N6A 4V2, Canada Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, and Surgery, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada.
Pathog Dis. 2016 Jun;74(4):ftw029. doi: 10.1093/femspd/ftw029. Epub 2016 Apr 7.
ITALIC! Staphylococcus aureusbiofilms can be found on vaginal epithelia, secreting toxins and causing inflammation. The co-vaginal species ITALIC! Lactobacilluscan alter staphylococcal-induced epithelial secretion of inflammatory cytokines and quench staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 secretion. It is hypothesized that these effects of lactobacilli require direct physical contact between lactobacilli, staphylococci and the epithelium. Indeed, lactobacilli only reduced ITALIC! S. aureus-induced inflammatory cytokine expression when allowed physical contact with vaginal epithelial cells. Furthermore, a reduction in toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 secretion only occurred when a probiotic ITALIC! Lactobacillusstrain was allowed contact, but not when being physically separated from ITALIC! S. aureus Bacterial-probe atomic force microscopy demonstrated that lactobacilli and staphylococci strongly adhere to epithelial cells, while lactobacilli adhere stronger to staphylococci than staphylococci to each other, giving lactobacilli opportunity to penetrate and reside in staphylococcal biofilms, as visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy with fluorescence ITALIC! in situhybridization probes. These results identify that physical contact and biochemical signaling by lactobacilli are intrinsically linked mechanisms that reduce virulence of ITALIC! S. aureusbiofilm.
斜体！金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜可在阴道上皮中发现，分泌毒素并引起炎症。共生阴道菌属斜体！乳酸杆菌可改变葡萄球菌诱导的上皮细胞炎性细胞因子分泌，并抑制葡萄球菌中毒性休克综合征毒素-1的分泌。据推测，乳酸杆菌的这些作用需要乳酸杆菌、葡萄球菌与上皮细胞之间的直接物理接触。事实上，只有当乳酸杆菌与阴道上皮细胞有物理接触时，它才会减少斜体！金黄色葡萄球菌诱导的炎性细胞因子表达。此外，只有当益生菌斜体！乳酸杆菌菌株能够接触时，中毒性休克综合征毒素-1的分泌才会减少，而当与斜体！金黄色葡萄球菌物理分离时则不会减少。细菌探针原子力显微镜显示，乳酸杆菌和葡萄球菌强烈粘附于上皮细胞，而乳酸杆菌对葡萄球菌的粘附力比对彼此的粘附力更强，这使得乳酸杆菌有机会穿透并驻留在葡萄球菌生物膜中，这一点通过使用荧光斜体！原位杂交探针的共聚焦激光扫描显微镜得以可视化。这些结果表明，乳酸杆菌的物理接触和生化信号传导是内在联系的机制，可降低斜体！金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜的毒力。
