Rushton Rebecca M, Armstrong Richard A, Dunne Mark Cm
Ophthalmic Research Group, Vision Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
Clin Exp Optom. 2016 Jul;99(4):328-35. doi: 10.1111/cxo.12344. Epub 2016 Apr 8.
The aim was to derive equations for the relationship between unaided vision and age, pupil diameter, iris colour and sphero-cylindrical refractive error.
Data were collected from 663 healthy right eyes of white subjects aged 20 to 70 years. Subjective sphero-cylindrical refractive errors ranged from -6.8 to +9.4 D (mean spherical equivalent), -1.5 to +1.9 D (orthogonal component, J0 ) and -0.8 to 1.0 D (oblique component, J45 ). Cylinder axis orientation was orthogonal in 46 per cent of the eyes and oblique in 18 per cent. Unaided vision (-0.3 to +1.3 logMAR), pupil diameter (2.3 to 7.5 mm) and iris colour (67 per cent light/blue irides) was recorded. The sample included mostly females (60 per cent) and many contact lens wearers (42 per cent) and so the influences of these parameters were also investigated.
Decision tree analysis showed that sex, iris colour, contact lens wear and cylinder axis orientation did not influence the relationship between unaided vision and refractive error. New equations for the dependence of the minimum angle of resolution on age and pupil diameter arose from step backwards multiple linear regressions carried out separately on the myopes (2.91.scalar vector +0.51.pupil diameter -3.14 ) and hyperopes (1.55.scalar vector + 0.06.age - 3.45 ).
The new equations may be useful in simulators designed for teaching purposes as they accounted for 81 per cent (for myopes) and 53 per cent (for hyperopes) of the variance in measured data. In comparison, previously published equations accounted for not more than 76 per cent (for myopes) and 24 per cent (for hyperopes) of the variance depending on whether they included pupil size. The new equations are, as far as is known to the authors, the first to include age. The age-related decline in accommodation is reflected in the equation for hyperopes.
目的是推导关于裸眼视力与年龄、瞳孔直径、虹膜颜色及球柱面屈光不正之间关系的方程。
收集了663名年龄在20至70岁的白人受试者健康右眼的数据。主观球柱面屈光不正范围为-6.8至+9.4 D（平均球镜当量）、-1.5至+1.9 D（正交分量，J0）以及-0.8至1.0 D（斜交分量，J45）。46%的眼睛圆柱镜轴位为正交，18%为斜交。记录裸眼视力（-0.3至+1.3 logMAR）、瞳孔直径（2.3至7.5毫米）及虹膜颜色（67%为浅色/蓝色虹膜）。样本中女性居多（60%）且许多人佩戴隐形眼镜（42%），因此也研究了这些参数的影响。
决策树分析表明，性别、虹膜颜色、隐形眼镜佩戴情况及圆柱镜轴位不影响裸眼视力与屈光不正之间的关系。通过分别对近视者（2.91×标量向量 + 0.51×瞳孔直径 - 3.14）和远视者（1.55×标量向量 + 0.06×年龄 - 3.45）进行向后逐步多元线性回归，得出了关于最小分辨角与年龄和瞳孔直径相关性的新方程。
新方程在用于教学目的的模拟器中可能有用，因为它们分别解释了近视者测量数据中81%的方差和远视者测量数据中53%的方差。相比之下，根据是否包含瞳孔大小，先前发表的方程解释的方差不超过76%（近视者）和24%（远视者）。据作者所知，新方程是首个包含年龄因素的方程。远视者的方程反映了与年龄相关的调节能力下降。
