Guillon Michel, Dumbleton Kathryn, Theodoratos Panagiotis, Gobbe Marine, Wooley C Benjamin, Moody Kurt
*PhD, FAAO †MSc ‡PhD §OD, FAAO OCULAR TECHNOLOGY GROUP-International, London, United Kingdom (MG, KD, PT); School of Life and Health Science, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom (MG); London Vision Clinic, London, United Kingdom (MG); and Johnson & Johnson Vision Care Inc., Jacksonville, Florida (CBW, KM).
Optom Vis Sci. 2016 Sep;93(9):1093-100. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000000893.
PURPOSE: Pupil size is critical for optimal performance of presbyopic contact lenses. Although the effect of luminance is well known, little information is available regarding other contributing factors such as aging and refractive status. METHODS: The cohort population comprised 304 patients (127 male, 177 female) aged 18 to 78 years. Pupils were photographed at three controlled luminance levels 250, 50, and 2.5 cd/m using an infra-red macro video camera. Measurements of pupil diameter were conducted after transforming pixel values to linear values in millimeters. RESULTS: Luminance was the most influential factor with pupil diameter increasing with decreased luminance (p < 0.001, all comparisons). Age was also found to be a significant factor with a smaller diameter in the older groups, but overall the difference was only significant between the pre-presbyopes and the established presbyopes (p = 0.017). Pupil diameter decreased significantly with increasing age, the effect being most marked at low luminance (<0.001). The smallest pupil diameters were measured for hyperopes and the largest for myopes and although refractive error was not a significant factor alone, there was a significant interaction between luminance and refractive error with the greatest differences in pupil diameter between myopes and emmetropes at low luminance (p < 0.001). Pupil diameter changes modeled by multilinear regression (p < 0.001) identified age, luminance, best sphere refraction, and refractive error as significant factors accounting for just over 70% of the average variation in pupil diameter. CONCLUSIONS: Both age and refractive status were found to affect pupil size with larger pupils measured for younger patients and myopes. Designs for multifocal contact lens corrections should take both age and refractive status into consideration; a faster progression from distance to near corrections across the optical zone of the lens is expected to be required for established presbyopes and hyperopes than it is for early presbyopes, myopes, and emmetropes.
目的：瞳孔大小对于老花隐形眼镜的最佳性能至关重要。虽然亮度的影响已广为人知，但关于其他影响因素，如衰老和屈光状态的信息却很少。 方法：队列人群包括304例年龄在18至78岁之间的患者（127例男性，177例女性）。使用红外微距摄像机在250、50和2.5 cd/m²这三个受控亮度水平下拍摄瞳孔照片。在将像素值转换为毫米线性值后进行瞳孔直径测量。 结果：亮度是最具影响力的因素，随着亮度降低瞳孔直径增大（p < 0.001，所有比较）。年龄也是一个重要因素，年龄较大组的瞳孔直径较小，但总体而言，差异仅在早老视者和确立的老视者之间显著（p = 0.017）。瞳孔直径随年龄增长显著减小，这种影响在低亮度下最为明显（<0.001）。远视者的瞳孔直径最小，近视者的最大，虽然屈光不正单独不是一个显著因素，但亮度和屈光不正之间存在显著交互作用，在低亮度下近视者和正视者之间的瞳孔直径差异最大（p < 0.001）。通过多元线性回归建模的瞳孔直径变化（p < 0.001）确定年龄、亮度、最佳球镜屈光和屈光不正为重要因素，占瞳孔直径平均变化的70%以上。 结论：发现年龄和屈光状态均会影响瞳孔大小，年轻患者和近视者的瞳孔较大。多焦点隐形眼镜矫正设计应同时考虑年龄和屈光状态；预计确立的老视者和远视者比早老视者、近视者和正视者需要在镜片光学区从远用矫正到近用矫正有更快的进展。
Optom Vis Sci. 2016-9
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016-10-1
Optom Vis Sci. 1996-12
Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2017-10
Optom Vis Sci. 2015-7
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2012-12-28
Medicine (Baltimore). 2022-7-8
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2016-1
Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2025-5-12
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2025-6-5
Vision (Basel). 2025-3-1
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2025-3-3
Optom Vis Sci. 2015-7
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014-4-7
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2014-3-4
J Vis. 2012-9-25
Optom Vis Sci. 2012-8
Curr Eye Res. 2010-2
J Appl Physiol. 1949-3
J Gerontol. 1950-7
J Refract Surg. 2004
J Opt Soc Am. 1952-7
Zotero 插件
