基于异腈的[4+1]环加成反应：多组分反应（MCRs）中不可或缺的工具。
Isocyanide based [4+1] cycloaddition reactions: an indispensable tool in multi-component reactions (MCRs).
作者信息
Kaur Tanpreet, Wadhwa Preeti, Bagchi Sourav, Sharma Anuj
机构信息
Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, India.
出版信息
Chem Commun (Camb). 2016 May 19;52(43):6958-76. doi: 10.1039/c6cc01562j.
The advent of cycloaddition reactions in the synthesis of heterocycles and their ever burgeoning applications in the fields of material chemistry, catalysis and drugs have been a profound scientific development. In particular, isocyanide based cycloaddition reactions have been harbingers of an exciting new chapter in the realms of organic synthesis. The emergence of numerous synthetic protocols utilizing formal cycloaddition of isocyanides with conjugated heterodienes has unleashed countless opportunities to design and synthesize diverse heterocyclic scaffolds. To date, there has not been any exclusive review on a formal [4+1] cycloaddition involving isocyanides. The present review highlights the journey of formal [4+1] cycloaddition reactions of isocyanides with diverse electrophilic substrates viz. oxadienes, azadienes, thioacyl imines, alkylidene amides, alkylidene hydrazines, α,β-unsaturated nitro compounds, α-thioxothioamides, nitroso alkenes, acyl imines, vinyl ketenes, vinyl isocyanates, etc. to afford functionalized pyrroles, imidazoles, furans, oxazoles, pyrazoles, etc.
环加成反应在杂环合成中的出现及其在材料化学、催化和药物领域不断涌现的应用是一项意义深远的科学进展。特别是，基于异腈的环加成反应开启了有机合成领域令人兴奋的新篇章。利用异腈与共轭杂二烯进行形式上的环加成反应的众多合成方法的出现，为设计和合成各种杂环骨架带来了无数机会。迄今为止，尚未有关于涉及异腈的形式上的[4+1]环加成反应的专门综述。本综述重点介绍了异腈与各种亲电底物（即二氧杂环戊二烯、氮杂二烯、硫代酰亚胺、亚烷基酰胺、亚烷基肼、α,β-不饱和硝基化合物、α-硫代硫酰胺、亚硝基烯烃、酰亚胺、乙烯基烯酮、乙烯基异氰酸酯等）进行形式上的[4+1]环加成反应，以得到功能化吡咯、咪唑、呋喃、恶唑、吡唑等的历程。
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