Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran 1993893973, Iran.
Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, USA.
Molecules. 2023 Feb 8;28(4):1642. doi: 10.3390/molecules28041642.
The Ugi four-component reaction (Ugi-4CR) undoubtedly is the most prominent multicomponent reaction (MCRs) that has sparked organic chemists' interest in the field. It has been widely used in the synthesis of diverse heterocycle molecules such as potential drugs, natural product analogs, pseudo peptides, macrocycles, and functional materials. The Ugi-4CRs involve the use of an amine, an aldehyde or ketone, an isocyanide, and a carboxylic acid to produce an α-acetamido carboxamide derivative, which has significantly advanced the field of isocyanide-based MCRs. The so-called intermediate nitrilium ion could be trapped by a nucleophile such as azide, -hydroxyphthalimide, thiol, saccharin, phenol, water, and hydrogen sulfide instead of the original carboxylic acid to allow for a wide variety of Ugi-type reactions to occur.β In addition to isocyanide, there are alternative reagents for the other three components: amine, isocyanide, and aldehyde or ketone. All these alternative components render the Ugi reaction an aptly diversity-oriented synthesis of a myriad of biologically active molecules and complex scaffolds. Consequently, this review will delve deeper into alternative components used in the Ugi MCRs, particularly over the past ten years.
乌吉（Ugi）四组分反应（Ugi-4CR）无疑是最受关注的多组分反应（MCRs）之一，引起了有机化学家在该领域的兴趣。它已被广泛用于合成各种杂环分子，如潜在药物、天然产物类似物、拟肽、大环和功能材料。Ugi-4CRs 涉及使用胺、醛或酮、异氰化物和羧酸来合成α-乙酰氨基酰胺衍生物，这显著推进了基于异氰化物的 MCRs 领域。所谓的中间腈离子可以被亲核试剂（如叠氮化物、-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺、硫醇、糖精、苯酚、水和硫化氢）捕获，而不是原始羧酸，从而允许发生各种 Ugi 型反应。β除了异氰化物，其他三个组分（胺、异氰化物和醛或酮）还有替代试剂。所有这些替代组件使 Ugi 反应成为一种适合多样性导向合成的方法，可用于合成各种具有生物活性的分子和复杂支架。因此，本文将深入探讨 Ugi MCRs 中使用的替代组件，特别是在过去十年中。
