Moemenbellah-Fard Mohammad Djaefar, Shahriari Bahador, Azizi Kourosh, Fakoorziba Mohammad Reza, Mohammadi Jalal, Amin Masoume
Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Research Centre for Health Sciences, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71645-111, Shiraz, Iran.
Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71348-14336, Shiraz, Iran.
J Parasit Dis. 2016 Mar;40(1):169-75. doi: 10.1007/s12639-014-0471-1. Epub 2014 May 25.
Blood sucking insects, such as fleas, are responsible for the transmission of many infectious disease-causing agents which impose an intolerable burden on the health of people living particularly in endemic parts of the world. Fleas (Insecta: Siphonaptera) are found in many parts of the world including Iran. Both adult male and female fleas are obligatory ectoparasites. They are one of the main public health concerns as a result of their nuisance or the potential to act as vectors of a number of medically-important pathogens. The current study was conducted to examine the geographical distribution and fauna of fleas and their anthropophagic index in part of Fars province, southern Iran. This study was the first to be done in Iran. A total of 20 villages were randomly selected. From October 2011 to May 2012, adult fleas were collected by direct hand catch from human to animal shelters. Overall 848 fleas, most of which were blood-fed, were captured from the floor or the body of farm animal hosts (cattle, sheep, goat and hens). Only two different genera of fleas were identified, the main species (99.76 %) was human flea, Pulex irritans. The village of Shamsabad was the most heavily infested area. P. irritans had an anthropophagic index of 15 % using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). It could be concluded that P. irritans is widely distributed in this area. Based on their blood feeding activity, fleas thus posed a serious health threat to residents and their economically important livestock in this part of Iran.
吸血昆虫，如跳蚤，是许多传染病病原体的传播媒介，给生活在世界流行地区的人们的健康带来了难以承受的负担。跳蚤（昆虫纲：蚤目）在包括伊朗在内的世界许多地方都有发现。成年雄蚤和雌蚤都是专性体外寄生虫。由于它们会造成滋扰或有可能作为多种重要医学病原体的传播媒介，因此它们是主要的公共卫生问题之一。本研究旨在调查伊朗南部法尔斯省部分地区跳蚤的地理分布、种类及其嗜人指数。这项研究是伊朗首次开展的此类研究。总共随机选择了20个村庄。从2011年10月至2012年5月，通过直接徒手捕捉的方式，在人畜居住场所收集成年跳蚤。总共从农场动物宿主（牛、羊、山羊和母鸡）的地面或身体上捕获了848只跳蚤，其中大多数已吸食血液。仅鉴定出两种不同属的跳蚤，主要种类（99.76%）是致痒蚤。沙姆萨巴德村是感染最严重的地区。使用间接酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）方法，致痒蚤的嗜人指数为15%。可以得出结论，致痒蚤在该地区广泛分布。基于其吸血活动，跳蚤对伊朗这一地区的居民及其重要经济家畜构成了严重的健康威胁。
