Fatema Kaniz, Wan Maznah W O, Isa Mansor Mat
School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Department of Fisheries, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh.
School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; Center for Marine and Coastal Studies (CEMACS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
Trop Life Sci Res. 2014 Dec;25(2):1-19.
In this study, factor analysis (FA) was applied to extract the hidden factors responsible for water quality variations during both wet and dry seasons. Water samples were collected from six sampling stations (St. 1 Lalang River, St. 2 Semeling River, St. 3 Jagung River, St. 4 Teluk Wang River, St. 5 Gelam River and St. 6 Derhaka River) in the Merbok estuary, Malaysia from January to December 2011; the samples were further analysed in the laboratory. Correlation analysis of the data sets showed strong correlations between the parameters. Nutrients such as nitrate (NO3 (-)), nitrite (NO2 (-)), ammonia (NH3) and phosphate (PO4 (3-)) were determined to be critical indicators of water quality throughout the year. Influential water quality parameters during the wet season were conductivity, salinity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO) and chlorophyll a (Chla), whereas total suspended solid (TSS) and pH were critical water quality indicators during the dry season. The Kruskal-Wallis H test showed that water quality parameters were significantly different among the sampling months and stations (p<0.05), and Mann-Whitney U tests further revealed that the significantly different parameters were temperature, pH, DO, TSS, NO2 (-) and BOD (p<0.01), whereas salinity, conductivity, NO3 (-), PO4 (3-), NH3 and Chla were not significantly different (p>0.05). Water quality parameters in the estuary varied on both temporal and spatial scales and these results may serve as baseline information for estuary management, specifically for the Merbok estuary.
在本研究中，应用因子分析（FA）来提取在雨季和旱季期间导致水质变化的潜在因素。2011年1月至12月期间，从马来西亚默博克河口的六个采样站（1号站拉朗河、2号站塞梅林河、3号站贾贡河、4号站直落旺河、5号站格蓝河和6号站德哈卡河）采集水样；样本在实验室进一步分析。数据集的相关性分析表明各参数之间存在强相关性。硝酸盐（NO3 (-)）、亚硝酸盐（NO2 (-)）、氨（NH3）和磷酸盐（PO4 (3-)）等营养物质被确定为全年水质的关键指标。雨季期间有影响的水质参数是电导率、盐度、生化需氧量（BOD）、溶解氧（DO）和叶绿素a（Chla），而总悬浮固体（TSS）和pH值是旱季期间的关键水质指标。Kruskal-Wallis H检验表明，水质参数在采样月份和站点之间存在显著差异（p<0.05），Mann-Whitney U检验进一步表明，显著不同的参数是温度、pH值、DO、TSS、NO2 (-)和BOD（p<0.01），而盐度、电导率、NO3 (-)、PO4 (3-)、NH3和Chla没有显著差异（p>0.05）。河口的水质参数在时间和空间尺度上都有所变化，这些结果可作为河口管理的基线信息，特别是针对默博克河口。
