Cheek Nathan N
Department of Psychology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2016 Apr 13;11(4):e0153592. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153592. eCollection 2016.
In visual media, men are often shown with more facial prominence than women, a manifestation of sexism that has been labeled face-ism. The present research extended the study of facial prominence and gender representation in media to include magazines aimed at lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) audiences for the first time, and also examined whether overall gender differences in facial prominence can still be found in mainstream magazines. Face-ism emerged in Newsweek, but not in Time, The Advocate, or Out. Although there were no overall differences in facial prominence between mainstream and LGBT magazines, there were differences in the facial prominence of men and women among the four magazines included in the present study. These results suggest that face-ism is still a problem, but that it may be restricted to certain magazines. Furthermore, future research may benefit from considering individual magazine titles rather than broader categories of magazines, given that the present study found few similarities between different magazines in the same media category--indeed, Out and Time were more similar to each other than they were to the other magazine in their respective categories.
在视觉媒体中，男性面部的突出程度往往高于女性，这种性别歧视的表现被称为“面部主义”。本研究首次将媒体中面部突出程度与性别呈现的研究扩展到面向女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋和跨性别者（LGBT）受众的杂志，并考察了主流杂志中是否仍能发现面部突出程度上的总体性别差异。“面部主义”现象在《新闻周刊》中出现，但在《时代》《倡导者》或《出柜》杂志中未出现。虽然主流杂志和LGBT杂志在面部突出程度上没有总体差异，但在本研究涵盖的四本杂志中，男性和女性的面部突出程度存在差异。这些结果表明，“面部主义”仍然是一个问题，但可能仅限于某些杂志。此外，鉴于本研究发现同一媒体类别中不同杂志之间几乎没有相似之处——事实上，《出柜》和《时代》彼此之间的相似性比它们与各自类别中的另一本杂志的相似性更高，未来的研究可能会从考虑具体的杂志名称而非更宽泛的杂志类别中受益。
