Maple Kristin E, McDaniel Kymberly A, Shollenbarger Skyler G, Lisdahl Krista M
a Department of Psychology , University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee , Milwaukee , WI , USA.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2016 Jul;42(4):431-40. doi: 10.3109/00952990.2016.1141913. Epub 2016 Apr 13.
Cannabis has been shown to affect sleep in humans. Findings from animal studies indicate that higher endocannabinoid levels promote sleep, suggesting that chronic use of cannabis, which downregulates endocannabinoid activity, may disrupt sleep.
This study sought to determine if past-year cannabis use and genes that regulate endocannabinoid signaling, FAAH rs324420 and CNR1 rs2180619, predicted sleep quality. As depression has been previously associated with both cannabis and sleep, the secondary aim was to determine if depressive symptoms moderated or mediated these relationships.
Data were collected from 41 emerging adult (ages 18-25) cannabis users. Exclusion criteria included Axis I disorders (besides SUD) and medical and neurologic disorders. Relationships were tested using multiple regressions, controlling for demographic variables, past-year substance use, and length of cannabis abstinence.
Greater past-year cannabis use and FAAH C/C genotype were associated with poorer sleep quality. CNR1 genotype did not significantly predict sleep quality. Depressive symptoms moderated the relationship between cannabis use and sleep at a nonsignificant trend level, such that participants with the higher cannabis use and depressive symptoms reported the more impaired sleep. Depressive symptoms mediated the relationship between FAAH genotype and sleep quality.
This study demonstrates a dose-dependent relationship between chronic cannabis use and reported sleep quality, independent of abstinence length. Furthermore, it provides novel evidence that depressive symptoms mediate the relationship between FAAH genotype and sleep quality in humans. These findings suggest potential targets to impact sleep disruptions in cannabis users.
大麻已被证明会影响人类睡眠。动物研究结果表明，较高的内源性大麻素水平可促进睡眠，这表明长期使用大麻会下调内源性大麻素活性，可能会扰乱睡眠。
本研究旨在确定过去一年的大麻使用情况以及调节内源性大麻素信号传导的基因FAAH rs324420和CNR1 rs2180619是否能预测睡眠质量。由于抑郁症此前已与大麻和睡眠相关联，次要目的是确定抑郁症状是否会调节或介导这些关系。
收集了41名新兴成年人（年龄在18 - 25岁之间）大麻使用者的数据。排除标准包括轴I障碍（除物质使用障碍外）以及医学和神经系统疾病。使用多元回归测试各种关系，并控制人口统计学变量、过去一年的物质使用情况以及大麻戒断时长。
过去一年大麻使用量增加以及FAAH基因的C/C基因型与较差的睡眠质量相关。CNR1基因型并未显著预测睡眠质量。抑郁症状在非显著趋势水平上调节了大麻使用与睡眠之间的关系，即大麻使用量较高且有抑郁症状的参与者睡眠受损更严重。抑郁症状介导了FAAH基因型与睡眠质量之间的关系。
本研究证明了长期使用大麻与报告的睡眠质量之间存在剂量依赖关系，且与戒断时长无关。此外，它提供了新的证据表明抑郁症状介导了人类中FAAH基因型与睡眠质量之间的关系。这些发现提示了影响大麻使用者睡眠障碍的潜在靶点。
