Castano Jenny, Ospina Jesús E, Caylà Joan A, Greer Scott L
University of Michigan, School of Public Health, USA
University of Michigan, School of Public Health, USA.
Int J Health Serv. 2016;46(2):241-61. doi: 10.1177/0020731416637174.
Austerity policies implemented in Spain in response to the ongoing economic crisis may have detrimental consequences for the health of immigrant populations and for public health in general. A mixed-methods study by the Public Health Agency of Barcelona and the University of Michigan indicates that the Real Decreto-ley 16/2012 (RDL) threatens the health of individuals and the population, especially in the case of infectious diseases. The study sought to determine the percentage of foreign-born persons with an infectious disease who had an Individual Health Card (IHC) prior to the RDL and to determine whether foreign-born persons with an infectious disease in Barcelona encountered problems accessing health care after the RDL. Results indicate that immigrants used the IHC to seek medical attention for infectious diseases and chronic conditions. Results also show that 66% of respondents, including 54% of unemployed respondents, 3% of respondents working without contracts, and those in informal employment (9%), may be at risk of losing at least part of their health coverage. Universal health care access in Spain has been crucial for the control of communicable diseases among immigrant populations. Reducing access to a significant percentage of the total population may have deleterious effects on public health.
西班牙为应对持续的经济危机而实施的紧缩政策可能会对移民人口的健康以及总体公共卫生产生不利影响。巴塞罗那公共卫生机构和密歇根大学开展的一项混合方法研究表明，《第16/2012号皇家法令》（RDL）威胁着个人和民众的健康，尤其是在传染病方面。该研究旨在确定在RDL出台之前患有传染病的外国出生者持有个人健康卡（IHC）的比例，并确定巴塞罗那患有传染病的外国出生者在RDL出台后在获得医疗保健方面是否遇到问题。结果表明，移民使用IHC来寻求传染病和慢性病的医疗服务。结果还显示，66%的受访者，包括54%的失业受访者、3%无合同工作的受访者以及非正规就业者（9%），可能面临至少部分失去医保覆盖的风险。西班牙的全民医保对控制移民人口中的传染病至关重要。减少相当比例人口获得医保的机会可能会对公共卫生产生有害影响。
