Shallcross Sandra L, Arbisi Paul A, Polusny Melissa A, Kramer Mark D, Erbes Christopher R
Psychology Department, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
University of Minnesota, Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
J Trauma Stress. 2016 Apr;29(2):167-75. doi: 10.1002/jts.22086.
Social support is a robust correlate of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and of general psychological distress (Ozer, Best, Lipsey, & Weiss, 2003). The nature of the causal relationship between support and PTSD remains the subject of debate, with 2 models, social erosion and social causation, often used to explain findings. Despite extensive research using these models, no studies of which we are aware have included tests of both models within the same series of analyses, across more than 2 time points, in veterans. These competing models were tested in a sample of National Guard soldiers (N = 521) who completed measures of perceived social support and the PTSD Checklist-Military version (Weathers, Litz, Herman, Huska, & Keane, 1993) at 3 months, 15 months, and 27 months following a combat deployment to Iraq. Analyses were run separately for overall PTSD symptoms and the PTSD components of intrusion, trauma-avoidance, dysphoria, and hyperarousal. Both the social erosion (βs ranging from -.10 to -.19) and social causation (βs ranging from -.08 to -.13) hypotheses were supported. Results suggested PTSD-specific symptom dimensions may both erode and be influenced by social support, whereas general psychological distress erodes social support. Implications for clinical intervention and research are discussed.
社会支持与创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状以及一般心理困扰密切相关（奥泽、贝斯特、利普西和韦斯，2003年）。支持与PTSD之间因果关系的本质仍是一个争论的话题，社会侵蚀和社会因果关系这两种模型常被用来解释研究结果。尽管使用这些模型进行了广泛研究，但据我们所知，尚无研究在同一系列分析中，对退伍军人在超过两个时间点上同时检验这两种模型。在一个国民警卫队士兵样本（N = 521）中对这些相互竞争的模型进行了检验，这些士兵在部署到伊拉克作战后的3个月、15个月和27个月完成了感知社会支持量表和PTSD检查表军事版（韦瑟斯、利兹、赫尔曼、胡斯卡和基恩，1993年）的测量。对PTSD总体症状以及侵入、创伤回避、烦躁不安和过度警觉等PTSD组成部分分别进行了分析。社会侵蚀假说（β值范围为-.10至-.19）和社会因果关系假说（β值范围为-.08至-.13）均得到了支持。结果表明，PTSD特定症状维度可能既会侵蚀社会支持，又会受到社会支持的影响，而一般心理困扰则会侵蚀社会支持。文中还讨论了对临床干预和研究的启示。
