Department of Psychology.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2016 Jul;84(7):612-8. doi: 10.1037/ccp0000109. Epub 2016 Apr 14.
Many treatment-seeking smokers have difficulty quitting and maintaining abstinence. Trait impulsivity versus self-control is relevant to this problem. However, impulsivity is a multifaceted construct, and different measures emphasize different parts of it. This study compared 2 self-report measures of self-control versus impulsiveness as predictors of smoking cessation. One measure taps a very specific tendency to respond impulsively when experiencing emotions. The other taps overall self-control without reference to emotional states.
Adult smokers (N = 116) recruited from the community participated in a group-based smoking cessation intervention. The sample was racially/ethnically diverse, mostly male, middle aged, single, low income, and moderately nicotine dependent. Self-reports on scales titled Reflexive reaction to feelings and Self-control were completed at entry. Seven-day point prevalence abstinence (ppa) was assessed at end-of-therapy (EOT) and at 3- and 6-month follow-ups. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) tested overall relationships of the self-report scales with 7-day ppa across the assessments.
Bivariate analyses revealed inverse associations between Reflexive reaction to feelings and 7-day ppa; a positive association emerged between Self-control and 7-day ppa only at EOT. A GEE found that elevated scores on Reflexive reaction to feelings predicted failure in smoking cessation across the study period (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.69 [0.49-0.96], p = .03) and that Self-control scores did not do so significantly (AOR = 1.26 [0.80-1.99], p = .32).
Results add to a literature suggesting the importance of emotion-related impulsivity to behavioral problems by showing its relevance to smoking cessation in treatment-seekers. (PsycINFO Database Record
许多寻求治疗的吸烟者难以戒烟并保持戒断。特质冲动性与自我控制能力与这个问题有关。然而，冲动性是一个多方面的概念，不同的测量方法强调它的不同方面。本研究比较了 2 种自我报告的自我控制与冲动性测量方法，作为戒烟的预测指标。一种测量方法可以非常准确地测量当经历情绪时冲动地反应的倾向。另一种则不参考情绪状态来整体测量自我控制能力。
从社区招募的成年吸烟者（N=116）参加了基于小组的戒烟干预。该样本在种族/民族上多样化，主要是男性，中年，单身，低收入，尼古丁中度依赖。在进入研究时完成了题为“对情绪的反射反应”和“自我控制”的量表自我报告。在治疗结束时（EOT）以及 3 个月和 6 个月的随访中评估 7 天点流行率（ppa）。广义估计方程（GEE）测试了自我报告量表与整个评估期内 7 天 ppa 的总体关系。
双变量分析显示，“对情绪的反射反应”与 7 天 ppa 呈负相关；仅在 EOT 时，“自我控制”与 7 天 ppa 呈正相关。GEE 发现，“对情绪的反射反应”得分升高预示着研究期间戒烟失败（调整后的优势比 [AOR]=0.69[0.49-0.96]，p=0.03），而“自我控制”得分没有显著预示（AOR=1.26[0.80-1.99]，p=0.32）。
结果增加了关于情绪相关冲动性对治疗中寻求者的行为问题重要性的文献，表明其与戒烟有关。
