Rakhlin Natalia, Hein Sascha, Doyle Niamh, Hart Lesley, Koposov Roman, Macomber Donna, Ruchkin Vladislav, Strelina Anastasia, Tan Mei, Grigorenko Elena L
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Wayne State University.
Child Study Center, Yale University.
Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2017;87(3):242-255. doi: 10.1037/ort0000146. Epub 2016 Apr 14.
The present study sought to compare 4 groups of age- and gender-matched children-(a) those reared in institutions for children without parental care in Russia; (b) those raised by their biological parents in Russia; (c) those adopted to the United States from Russian institutions; and (d) those born in the United States and raised by their biological parents-on indicators of cognition, language, and early learning. In addition, we aimed to compare the effects of the length of time spent in an institution, the age of initial placement in an institution, the age at adoption, and pre-institutional risk factors (i.e., prenatal substance exposure and prematurity and low birth weight) on the above-mentioned outcomes in the 2 groups of children with institutionalization experiences. Our results confirm previous reports demonstrating negative consequences of institutionalization and substantial ameliorating effects of adoption. They also underscore the complexity of the effects of institutionalization and adoption, showing that they are intertwined with the effects of pre-institutional risk factors. (PsycINFO Database Record
（a）在俄罗斯没有父母照顾的儿童福利院中长大的儿童；（b）在俄罗斯由亲生父母抚养长大的儿童；（c）从俄罗斯福利院收养到美国的儿童；以及（d）出生在美国并由亲生父母抚养长大的儿童，比较他们在认知、语言和早期学习方面的指标。此外，我们旨在比较两组有机构抚养经历的儿童在福利院度过的时间长度、首次进入福利院的年龄、收养时的年龄以及机构抚养前的风险因素（即产前物质暴露、早产和低出生体重）对上述结果的影响。我们的结果证实了先前的报告，这些报告表明机构抚养会产生负面后果，而收养则有显著的改善作用。它们还强调了机构抚养和收养影响的复杂性，表明这些影响与机构抚养前的风险因素的影响相互交织。（《心理学文摘数据库记录》
