Ferreira L M M, Hervás G, Belenguer A, Celaya R, Rodrigues M A M, García U, Frutos P, Osoro K
CECAV - Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
Instituto de Ganadería de Montaña, CSIC-ULE, Finca Marzanas, León, Spain.
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl). 2017 Oct;101(5):846-856. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12474. Epub 2016 Apr 14.
This study aimed to compare feed intake, digestion, rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial community of 5 beef cows, 12 crossed ewes and 12 goats grazing together in spring-early summer on heather-gorse vegetation communities with an adjacent area of improved pasture. Organic matter intake (OMI) and digestibility (OMD) were estimated using alkane markers. Ruminal fluid samples were collected for measuring fermentation parameters, and studying the bacterial community using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). Spot samples of urine were taken to determine purine derivative (PD) and creatinine concentrations to estimate microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. Herbaceous species were the main dietary component in all animal species. Cattle had higher (p < 0.05) daily OMI (g/kg LW ) and OMD, whereas sheep and goats showed similar values. The highest ammonia concentration was observed in sheep. Total VFA, acetate and butyrate concentrations were not influenced by animal species, while propionate concentrations in goats were 1.8 times lower (p < 0.05) than in sheep. Acetate:propionate ratio was greater (p < 0.05) in goats, whereas cattle excreted more allantoin (p < 0.05). Estimated supply of microbial N was higher in cows (p < 0.01), whereas the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis was lower (p < 0.01) in this animal species. Hierarchical clustering analysis indicated a clear effect of animal species on rumen bacterial structure. Differences among animal species were also observed in the relative frequency of several T-RFs. Certain T-RFs compatible with Lachnospiraceae, Proteobacteria and Clostridiales species were not found in goats, while these animals showed high relative frequencies of some fragments compatible with the Ruminococcaceae family that were not detected in sheep and cattle. Results suggest a close relationship between animals' grazing behaviour and rumen bacterial structure and its function. Goats seem to show a greater specialization of their microbial populations to deal with the greater fibrous and tannin content of their diet.
本研究旨在比较5头肉牛、12只杂交母羊和12只山羊在春末夏初一起在石南-金雀花植被群落及相邻改良牧场放牧时的采食量、消化率、瘤胃发酵参数和细菌群落。使用烷烃标记物估计有机物质摄入量（OMI）和消化率（OMD）。采集瘤胃液样本以测量发酵参数，并使用末端限制性片段长度多态性（T-RFLP）研究细菌群落。采集尿液斑点样本以测定嘌呤衍生物（PD）和肌酐浓度，以估计瘤胃中的微生物蛋白质合成。草本植物是所有动物物种的主要饮食成分。牛的每日OMI（g/kg体重）和OMD较高（p<0.05），而绵羊和山羊的值相似。绵羊的氨浓度最高。总挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）、乙酸盐和丁酸盐浓度不受动物物种影响，而山羊的丙酸盐浓度比绵羊低1.8倍（p<0.05）。山羊的乙酸盐:丙酸盐比率更高（p<0.05），而牛排泄的尿囊素更多（p<0.05）。奶牛的微生物氮估计供应量更高（p<0.01），而该动物物种的微生物蛋白质合成效率更低（p<0.01）。层次聚类分析表明动物物种对瘤胃细菌结构有明显影响。在几个T-RF的相对频率上也观察到动物物种之间的差异。与毛螺菌科、变形菌门和梭菌目物种相容的某些T-RF在山羊中未发现，而这些动物显示出一些与瘤胃球菌科相容的片段的相对频率较高，而在绵羊和牛中未检测到。结果表明动物的放牧行为与瘤胃细菌结构及其功能之间存在密切关系。山羊似乎表现出其微生物种群对处理其饮食中更高的纤维和单宁含量具有更大的专一性。
