Roberts D K, Lavia L A, Horbelt D V, Walker N J
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HCA Wesley Medical Center, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Wichita 67214.
Int J Gynecol Pathol. 1989;8(1):36-45. doi: 10.1097/00004347-198903000-00005.
Reproducible measures of the ultrastructural changes occurring throughout the normal human menstrual cycle are useful for defining and differentiating between normal and pathological states. Glandular endometrial functionalis epithelium obtained from five menstrual cycle subphases (early and late proliferative; and early, middle and late secretory) has been quantitated and compared for changes in nuclear and nucleolar size. These analyses indicate that (a) nuclear area significantly increases in the late secretory subphase, perhaps a requirement of endometrial regeneration; (b) nucleolar area peaks during the early secretory subphase, a necessary prelude for the later increased secretory activity; and (c) nucleolar area declines in the middle and late secretory subphases, probably due to falling hormone blood levels late in the cycle. In the proliferative phase, the majority of cells containing large nuclei and nucleoli have a relatively undeveloped cytoplasm, while the cytoplasm of those in the secretory phase contains glycogen. These cells were termed Stage 1 and 2 cells, respectively. The late secretory subphase contains some degenerating mature epithelial cells with large nuclei and small nucleoli as well as differentiated and regenerating cells with larger nucleoli. These measures establish a baseline of the normal changes in nuclear and nucleolar size as they occur throughout the normal human menstrual cycle.
对正常人类月经周期中发生的超微结构变化进行可重复测量，有助于界定正常状态与病理状态并加以区分。从五个月经周期亚期（增殖早期和晚期；分泌早期、中期和晚期）获取的腺性子宫内膜功能层上皮，已对其细胞核和核仁大小的变化进行了定量和比较。这些分析表明：（a）细胞核面积在分泌晚期亚期显著增加，这可能是子宫内膜再生的必要条件；（b）核仁面积在分泌早期亚期达到峰值，这是随后分泌活动增加的必要前奏；（c）核仁面积在分泌中期和晚期亚期下降，可能是由于周期后期血液中激素水平下降所致。在增殖期，大多数含有大细胞核和核仁的细胞，其细胞质相对未发育，而分泌期细胞的细胞质含有糖原。这些细胞分别被称为1期和2期细胞。分泌晚期亚期包含一些细胞核大、核仁小的退化成熟上皮细胞，以及核仁较大的分化和再生细胞。这些测量结果建立了正常人类月经周期中细胞核和核仁大小正常变化的基线。
