Ulrich Philip I N, Wilkinson David T, Ferguson Heather J, Smith Laura J, Bindemann Markus, Johnston Robert A, Schmalzl Laura
a School of Psychology, Keynes College , University of Kent , Canterbury , Kent , UK.
b Department of Family Medicine and Public Health , University of California San Diego , San Diego , CA , USA.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2017 Feb;70(2):298-315. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2016.1177101. Epub 2016 May 4.
Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is commonly associated with the failure to properly perceive individuating facial properties, notably those conveying configural or holistic content. While this may indicate that the primary impairment is perceptual, it is conceivable that some cases of DP are instead caused by a memory impairment, with any perceptual complaint merely allied rather than causal. To investigate this possibility, we administered a battery of face perception tasks to 11 individuals who reported that their face recognition difficulties disrupt daily activity and who also performed poorly on two formal tests of face recognition. Group statistics identified, relative to age- and gender-matched controls, difficulties in apprehending global-local relations and the holistic properties of faces, and in matching across viewpoints, but these were mild in nature and were not consistently evident at the level of individual participants. Six of the 11 individuals failed to show any evidence of perceptual impairment. In the remaining five individuals, no single perceptual deficit, or combination of deficits, was necessary or sufficient for poor recognition performance. These data suggest that some cases of DP are better explained by a memorial rather than perceptual deficit, and highlight the relevance of the apperceptive/associative distinction more commonly applied to the allied syndrome of acquired prosopagnosia.
发育性面孔失认症（DP）通常与无法正确感知个体面部特征有关，尤其是那些传达结构或整体内容的特征。虽然这可能表明主要损伤是感知性的，但可以想象，一些DP病例可能是由记忆损伤引起的，任何感知方面的问题仅仅是相关联而非因果关系。为了研究这种可能性，我们对11名报告面部识别困难影响日常活动且在两项正式面部识别测试中表现不佳的个体进行了一系列面部感知任务测试。与年龄和性别匹配的对照组相比，组间统计结果显示，这些个体在理解面部的全局-局部关系和整体特征以及跨视角匹配方面存在困难，但这些困难性质较轻，在个体参与者层面并非始终明显。11名个体中有6名没有表现出任何感知损伤的迹象。在其余5名个体中，没有单一的感知缺陷或缺陷组合对于识别表现不佳来说是必要或充分条件。这些数据表明，一些DP病例用记忆缺陷而非感知缺陷来解释更好，并突出了更常用于获得性面孔失认症相关综合征的统觉/联想区分的相关性。
