Madras Diabetes Research Foundation &Dr Mohan's Diabetes Specialities Centre, WHO Collaborating Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control, IDF Centre of Education, No. 6 Conran Smith Road, Gopalapuram, Chennai, 600 086, India.
Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2016 Jun;12(6):357-70. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.53. Epub 2016 Apr 15.
India is one of the epicentres of the global diabetes mellitus pandemic. Rapid socioeconomic development and demographic changes, along with increased susceptibility for Indian individuals, have led to the explosive increase in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in India over the past four decades. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Asian Indian people is characterized by a young age of onset and occurrence at low levels of BMI. Available data also suggest that the susceptibility of Asian Indian people to the complications of diabetes mellitus differs from that of white populations. Management of this disease in India faces multiple challenges, such as low levels of awareness, paucity of trained medical and paramedical staff and unaffordability of medications and services. Novel interventions using readily available resources and technology promise to revolutionise the care of patients with diabetes mellitus in India. As many of these challenges are common to most developing countries of the world, the lessons learnt from India's experience with diabetes mellitus are likely to be of immense global relevance. In this Review, we discuss the epidemiology of diabetes mellitus and its complications in India and outline the advances made in the country to ensure adequate care. We make specific references to novel, cost-effective interventions, which might be of relevance to other low-income and middle-income countries of the world.
印度是全球糖尿病流行的中心之一。快速的社会经济发展和人口结构变化，加上印度人易感性的增加，导致过去四十年中印度糖尿病患病率的爆炸式增长。亚洲印度人群的 2 型糖尿病以发病年龄较轻和 BMI 水平较低为特征。现有数据还表明，亚洲印度人群对糖尿病并发症的易感性与白人人群不同。印度在治疗这种疾病方面面临着诸多挑战，例如意识水平低、缺乏训练有素的医疗和辅助医疗人员以及药物和服务费用过高。利用现有资源和技术的新干预措施有望彻底改变印度糖尿病患者的护理方式。由于这些挑战在世界上大多数发展中国家都很常见，因此从印度在糖尿病方面的经验中吸取的教训可能具有巨大的全球相关性。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了印度糖尿病及其并发症的流行病学，并概述了该国为确保充分护理而取得的进展。我们特别提到了一些新颖且具有成本效益的干预措施，这些措施可能对世界上其他低收入和中等收入国家具有重要意义。
