Pollock Lealah, Silva-Santisteban Alfonso, Sevelius Jae, Salazar Ximena
a Department of Family and Community Medicine , University of California, San Francisco , San Francisco , CA , USA.
b Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Sexuality, AIDS, and Society , Cayetano Heredia University (Centro de Investigación Interdisciplinaria en Salud, Sida, y Sociedad de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia) , Lima , Peru.
Glob Public Health. 2016 Aug-Sep;11(7-8):981-93. doi: 10.1080/17441692.2016.1167932. Epub 2016 Apr 15.
Transgender women in Lima, Peru have, until recently, been grouped together with gay and bisexual men in the category MSM, or men who have sex with men, with little consideration of their unique situation and needs. Transgender women, self-identified in Peru as travesti, are a socially vulnerable population with many unmet health needs, including an HIV prevalence of 30%. Understanding specific transgender identities and their contexts will contribute to the improvement and development of HIV prevention programs. Through qualitative open-ended interviews with trans-identified women in Lima, Peru, this study found that the non-normative travesti identity is constructed within a conservative homophobic and heteronormative social context. Participants strive towards appearances and relationships perceived as feminine, seeking out silicone injections and abusive men as social markers of this femininity. Sex work is the primary economic activity available and travestis are often alienated from their families and communities. Work is needed to increase self-esteem and decrease violence, stigma, and discrimination. There is a need for multilevel HIV prevention campaigns prioritising travesti in Lima, utilising a human rights framework.
秘鲁利马的跨性别女性直到最近还一直与男同性恋者和双性恋男性归为男男性行为者（即与男性发生性行为的男性）这一类别，几乎没有考虑到她们的独特处境和需求。在秘鲁自我认同为“travesti”的跨性别女性是一个社会弱势群体，有许多未得到满足的健康需求，包括艾滋病毒感染率达30%。了解特定的跨性别身份及其背景将有助于改进和发展艾滋病毒预防项目。通过对秘鲁利马自我认同为跨性别的女性进行定性开放式访谈，本研究发现，非规范的“travesti”身份是在保守的恐同和异性恋规范社会背景中构建的。参与者努力塑造被视为女性化的外表和关系，寻求硅胶注射和虐待她们的男性作为这种女性气质的社会标志。性工作是她们主要的经济活动来源，而且“travesti”往往与家人和社区疏远。需要开展工作来增强自尊，减少暴力、耻辱和歧视。有必要开展多层次的艾滋病毒预防运动，在利马将“travesti”作为优先对象，采用人权框架。
