Campoy F J, Vidal C J, Muñoz-Delgado E, Montenegro M F, Cabezas-Herrera J, Nieto-Cerón S
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Universidad de Murcia, IMIB, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
Chem Biol Interact. 2016 Nov 25;259(Pt B):257-265. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.04.014. Epub 2016 Apr 13.
The cholinergic system, comprising acetylcholine, the proteins responsible for acetylcholine synthesis and release, acetylcholine receptors and cholinesterases, is expressed by most human cell types. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter, but also a local signalling molecule which regulates basic cell functions, and cholinergic responses are involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis. So, activation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors has a proliferative and anti-apoptotic effect in many cells. The content of choline acetyltransferase, acetylcholine receptors and cholinesterases is altered in many tumours, and cholinesterase content correlates with patient survival in some cancers. During apoptosis, acetylcholinesterase is induced and appears in the nuclei. Acetylcholinesterase participates in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis through hydrolysis of acetylcholine and by other catalytic and non catalytic mechanisms, in a variant-specific manner. This review gathers information on the role of cholinergic system and specially acetylcholinesterase in cell proliferation and apoptosis.
胆碱能系统由乙酰胆碱、负责乙酰胆碱合成与释放的蛋白质、乙酰胆碱受体和胆碱酯酶组成，在大多数人类细胞类型中均有表达。乙酰胆碱是一种神经递质，也是一种调节细胞基本功能的局部信号分子，胆碱能反应参与细胞增殖和凋亡。因此，烟碱型和毒蕈碱型受体的激活在许多细胞中具有增殖和抗凋亡作用。胆碱乙酰转移酶、乙酰胆碱受体和胆碱酯酶的含量在许多肿瘤中会发生改变，并且胆碱酯酶含量在某些癌症中与患者生存率相关。在细胞凋亡过程中，乙酰胆碱酯酶被诱导并出现在细胞核中。乙酰胆碱酯酶通过乙酰胆碱水解以及其他催化和非催化机制，以变异体特异性方式参与细胞增殖和凋亡的调节。本综述收集了有关胆碱能系统特别是乙酰胆碱酯酶在细胞增殖和凋亡中作用的信息。
