Kaelen Mendel, Roseman Leor, Kahan Joshua, Santos-Ribeiro Andre, Orban Csaba, Lorenz Romy, Barrett Frederick S, Bolstridge Mark, Williams Tim, Williams Luke, Wall Matthew B, Feilding Amanda, Muthukumaraswamy Suresh, Nutt David J, Carhart-Harris Robin
Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12, UK.
Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Division of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W12, UK; The Computational, Cognitive and Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, The Centre for Neuroscience, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12, UK.
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2016 Jul;26(7):1099-109. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.03.018. Epub 2016 Apr 12.
Psychedelic drugs such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) were used extensively in psychiatry in the past and their therapeutic potential is beginning to be re-examined today. Psychedelic psychotherapy typically involves a patient lying with their eyes-closed during peak drug effects, while listening to music and being supervised by trained psychotherapists. In this context, music is considered to be a key element in the therapeutic model; working in synergy with the drug to evoke therapeutically meaningful thoughts, emotions and imagery. The underlying mechanisms involved in this process have, however, never been formally investigated. Here we studied the interaction between LSD and music-listening on eyes-closed imagery by means of a placebo-controlled, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study. Twelve healthy volunteers received intravenously administered LSD (75µg) and, on a separate occasion, placebo, before being scanned under eyes-closed resting conditions with and without music-listening. The parahippocampal cortex (PHC) has previously been linked with (1) music-evoked emotion, (2) the action of psychedelics, and (3) mental imagery. Imaging analyses therefore focused on changes in the connectivity profile of this particular structure. Results revealed increased PHC-visual cortex (VC) functional connectivity and PHC to VC information flow in the interaction between music and LSD. This latter result correlated positively with ratings of enhanced eyes-closed visual imagery, including imagery of an autobiographical nature. These findings suggest a plausible mechanism by which LSD works in combination with music listening to enhance certain subjective experiences that may be useful in a therapeutic context.
诸如麦角酸二乙酰胺（LSD）之类的致幻药物过去在精神病学中被广泛使用，如今其治疗潜力正开始被重新审视。致幻心理疗法通常包括患者在药物效果达到峰值时闭上眼睛躺着，同时听音乐并由训练有素的心理治疗师进行监督。在这种情况下，音乐被认为是治疗模式中的关键要素；与药物协同作用，引发具有治疗意义的思想、情感和意象。然而，这一过程中涉及的潜在机制从未被正式研究过。在此，我们通过一项安慰剂对照的功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究，探讨了LSD与听音乐对闭眼意象的相互作用。12名健康志愿者在静脉注射LSD（75微克）后，以及在另一个单独场合注射安慰剂后，在闭眼休息状态下进行扫描，扫描时有的情况是听音乐，有的情况是不听音乐。海马旁回皮质（PHC）此前已被认为与（1）音乐引发的情感、（2）致幻剂的作用以及（3）心理意象有关。因此，成像分析聚焦于这个特定结构的连接特征变化。结果显示，在音乐与LSD的相互作用中，PHC与视觉皮质（VC）之间的功能连接增强，并且从PHC到VC有信息流。后一个结果与闭眼视觉意象增强的评分呈正相关，包括具有自传性质的意象。这些发现提示了一种合理的机制，通过该机制LSD与听音乐相结合，可增强某些在治疗情境中可能有用的主观体验。
